the The Effect of Four Months of TRX Training on Lumbar Bone Mineral Density and its Relationship with Serum Adiponectin Level in Osteopenic Women
Authors
-
Azadeh Saber Shahraki 1
1. Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1271-2147
-
Abbas Salehikia 1*
1. Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9648-5919
-
Maryam Banparvari 1
1. Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2995-7493
-
Zahra Raghi 1
1. Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8100-3518
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22100/ijhs.v7i2.840Keywords:
Osteopenia, TRX exercise, Lumbar bone mineral density, AdiponectinAbstract
Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease augmenting the risk of fractures. The biological mechanisms of bone osteogenic response to mechanical loads are not fully understood. This study aimed to determine the effects of four months of TRX training on lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) and its relationship with serum adiponectin in osteopenic women.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 osteopenic women were selected by purposive sampling and then randomly divided into two groups of TRX (n=15), and control (n=15). The experimental group performed TRX exercise protocol for four months, three sessions a week, and 45-60 minutes per session. At the beginning and end of the intervention, blood samples were obtained to determine serum adiponectin using a specific ELISA kit (Bio vendor, Czech Republic). The bone mineral density of the lumbar was assessed by 2D Dexa instrument (LEXXOS DIGITAL, USA). Data analysis was performed applying paired and independent sample student t-test and Pearson correlation in SPSS 20 software.
Results: Lumbar BMD (Pvalue=0.000) and serum adiponectin level (Pvalue=0.000) significantly increased in the TRX group compared to the control. In within-group comparison, significant elevations were observed in lumbar BMD (Pvalue=0.000) and serum adiponectin level (Pvalue=0.004) after TRX exercise. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between lumbar BMD and serum adiponectin in osteopenic women (Pvalue=0.000).
Conclusions: According to the results, it seems that TRX exercise can improve lumbar BMD and serum adiponectin levels in osteopenic women.
Keywords: Osteopenia, TRX exercise, Lumbar bone mineral density, Adiponectin
References
2- Xiang Y,Yingling VR, Malique R, Li CY, Schaffler MB, Raphan T. Comparative assessment of bone mass and structure using texture-based and histomorphometric analyses. Bone 2007; 40:544-52.
3 -Parkinson IH, Fazzalari NL. Characterisation of Trabecular Bone Structure. Stud Mechanobiol Tissue Eng Biomater 2013; 5: 31–51.
4 - Thomsen JS, Niklassen AS, Ebbesen EN, Brüel A. Age-related changes of vertical and horizontal lumbar vertebral trabecular 3D bone microstructure is different in women and men. Bone 2013; 57:47-55.
5 - Fonseca H, Moreira-Gonçalves D, Coriolano HJ, Duarte JA. Bone quality: the determinants of bone strength and fragilit. Sports Med 2014; 44:37-53.
6 - Hernlund E , Svedbom A, Ivergård M, Compston J, Cooper C, Stenmark J, et all. Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden. A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA). Arch Osteoporosis 2013 ; 8:13-6
7- Khorsandi J, Shamsi M, Jahani F. The Survey of Practice About Prevention of Osteoporosis Based on Health Belief Model in Pregnant Women in Arak City. Journal of Rafsanjan Univ Med Scie 2013; 12:35-46 (Persian).
8 - Laura AG, Armas R . Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab Clin 2014; 41:475–86.
9 - Kemmler W, Lauber D, Weineck J, Hensen J, Kalender W, Engelke K. Benefits of 2 years of intense exercise on bone density, physical fitness, and blood lipids in early postmenopausal osteopenic women. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1084-9.
10 - Bemben DA , Bemben MG. Dose-response effect of 40 weeks of resistance training on bone mineral density in older adults. Osteoporos Int 2011 ;22(1):179-86.
11- Khan AA, Farhad A, Siddiqui PQR, Ansari B. Effects of osteoanabolic exercises on bone mineral density of osteoporotic females: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Health Sci 2019;13(1):9-13.
12- Ahmadi Kakavandi M, Alikhani S, Azizbeigi K. The Effect of Body Pump Training on Bone Mineral Density and Balance in Postmenopausal Women. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot 2019; 7 (3) :316-27.
13- Colletti LA, Edwards J, Gordon L, Shary J, Bell NH. The effects of muscle-building exercise on bone mineral density of the radius, spine, and hip in young men. Calcif Tissue Int1989; 45:12-4.
14- Winters-Stone KM, Snow CM. Site-specific response of bone to exercise in premenopausal women. Bone 2006; 39(6):1203-9.
15- Kameda T, Mano H, Yuasa T. Estrogen inhibits bone resorption by directly inducing apoptosis of the bone resorbing osteoclasts. J Exp Med 2017;186(4):489- 95.
16- Boyle WJ, Simonet WS, Lacey DL. Osteoclast differentiation and activation. Nature 2003;423:337-42.
17- Roux S. New treatment targets in osteoporosis. Joint Bone Spine 2010;77:222-8.
18- Whyte MP, Mumm S. Heritable disorders of the RANKL/OPG/RANK signaling pathway. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2012;4:254-67.
19- Reid IR. Relationships among body mass, its components, and bone. Bone 2012; 31(5):547- 55.
20- Liu M, Liu F. Up-and down-regulation of adiponectin expression and multimerization: mechanism and therapeutic implication. Biochimie 2012;94(10): 2126-30.
21- Mottaghi A, Djazayery A, Golestan B, Molavi Nojoomi M, Eftekhari M. Association Between Serum Leptin and Adiponectin and Bone Mineral Density in 40-60-year-Old Postmenopausal Women. Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology 2008; 3 (1) :11-20 [Persian].
22- Golara K. Suspension training total body resistance exercise. Federation of sport for all Tehran 2016; 15-9. (Persian).
23- Dawes J. Complete guide to TRX suspension training. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics; 2017.
24-Iwamoto J, Takeda T, Ichimura S. Effects of Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Mature Osteopenic Rats. J Bone Miner Res1998;13:1308-17.
25- Mohammed H, Saiem Aldahr. Bone Mineral Status Response to Aerobic Versus Resistance Exercise Training in Postmenopausal Women. Appli Scie J 2012;16: 806-13.
26 - Li L, Chen X, Lv S, Dong M, Zhang L, Tu J. Influence of exercise on bone remodeling-related hormones and cytokines in ovariectomized rats: a model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Plos One 2014; 9:1-10.
27 - Renno AC, Silveira Gomes AR, Nascimento RB, Salvini T, Parizoto N. Effects of a progressive loading exercise program on the bone and skeletal muscle properties of female osteopenic rats. Exp Geronto 2007;42:517-22.
28- Hagihara Y, Nakajima A,Fukuda S, Goto S,Iida H, Yamazaki M. Running exercise for short duration increases bone mineral density of loaded long bones in young growing rats. Tohoku J Exp Med 2009;219:139-43.
29- Gruodytė R, Jürimäe J, Cicchella A, Stefanelli C, Passariello C, Jürimäe T. Adipocytokines and bone mineral density in adolescent female athletes. Acta Paediatr 2010;99(12):1879-1884. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01905.x
Published
Issue
Section
License
The Copyright Form should be downloaded and signed by corresponding author in the fourth step "upload supplementary files" during submission process.
After acceptance, copyright form should be downloaded and signed by all authors one by one ( "summery --> supp. file" part and click on "add a supplementary file" link).
