Prevalence and Covariates of Metabolic Syndrome among Elderly People Living in Nursing Homes, Semnan, Iran
Metabolic syndrome among elderly subjects
Authors
-
Aisa Bahar 1
1. Department of Biochemistry and Hematology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0822-6728
-
Mehri Delvarianzadeh 2
2. School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-3276
-
Farideh Khosravi 3
3. Environmental and Occupational Health Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9599-0451
-
Naheed Aryaeian 4
4. Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9662-8561
-
Ali Dadgari 5*
5. School of Nursing, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1836-8236
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22100/ijhs.v7i2.845Keywords:
Metabolic Syndrome, Elderly People, Nursing Homes, PrevalenceAbstract
Backgrounds: The study aimed to determine the prevalence and covariates of metabolic syndrome among the elderly residents in nursing homes in Semnan Province, Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among aged participants institutionalized in nursing home in 2018. The study participants’ characteristics were assessed using a demographic assessment form. Moreover, the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire, Mentally Assessing Nutritional Assessment (MANA), Katz's Index of Independence in Activity of Daily Living, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and well-being were applied to assess the participants’ physical and mental status. In addition, Para-clinical and biochemical tests for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome used based on the Adult Treatment Panel (ATPIII).
Results: In this study, of 129 eligible participants, 27.7% were suffering from metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of MS in male and female subjects were 26.6% and 28%, respectively. The results of the study indicated a significant relationship between metabolic syndrome and nutritional statues (Pvalue=0.004), mental status (Pvalue=0.001) and ADL (Pvalue=0.003). Moreover, the results showed no significant relationship between well-being and metabolic syndrome. Of all variables of the study, significant relationship between smoking habit, lack of daily activity, abdominal obesity, high systolic and blood pressure, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) HDL-cholesterol, Waist Circumference (WC), systole blood pressure (SBP) were found to be statistically significant.
Conclusions: The findings of the study indicated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among institutionalized elderlies is high. It is recommended to implement preventive and therapeutic measures in this vulnerable group of elderly people.
Key words: Metabolic Syndrome, Elderly People, Nursing Homes, Prevalence
References
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2. Wozniak Z. The Elderly in Social Policy: LIT Verlag Münster; 2013.
3. Lopez-Candales A, Burgos PMH, Hernandez-Suarez DF, Harris D. Linking chronic inflammation with cardiovascular disease: from normal aging to the metabolic syndrome. Journal of nature and science. 2017;3(4).
4. Mousavi SM, Haghi M, Manshadi MG. Iran’s Health System and Readiness to Meet the Aging Chal¬ lenges. Iranian journal of public health. 2015;44(12):1716-7.
5. Dadgari A, Hojati H, Mirrezaie SM. The relationship between the risk of falling and fear of falling among aged hospitalized patients. Nursing Practice Today. 2020;7(1):30-7.
6. Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Jama. 2002;287(3):356-9.
7. Alberti KGMM, Zimmet P, Shaw J. Metabolic syndrome—a new world‐wide definition. A consensus statement from the international diabetes federation. Diabetic medicine. 2006;23(5):469-80.
8. Ju S-Y, Lee J-Y, Kim D-H. Association of metabolic syndrome and its components with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the elderly: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Medicine. 2017;96(45).
9. Shin JA, Lee JH, Lim SY, Ha HS, Kwon HS, Park YM, et al. Metabolic syndrome as a predictor of type 2 diabetes, and its clinical interpretations and usefulness. Journal of diabetes investigation. 2013;4(4):334-43.
10. Ogbera AO. Prevalence and gender distribution of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome. 2010;2(1):1.
11. Pérez CM, Guzmán M, Ortiz AP, Estrella M, Valle Y, Pérez N, et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Ethnicity & disease. 2008;18(4):434.
12. Frootan M, Mahdavi R, Moradi T, Mobasseri M, Farrin N. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in an elderly population of Tabriz, Iran. Endocrinol Metab Syndr. 2011;1:2161-1017.
13. Ostovar R, Kiani F, Sayehmiri F, Yasemi M, Mohsenzadeh Y, Mohsenzadeh Y. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Iran: A meta-analysis. Electronic physician. 2017;9(10):5402.
14. Huang J JJ. Metabolic syndrome. . Spring 2010(79):8-10.
15. Saeidlou SN, Merdol TK, Mikaili P, Bektaş Y. ASSESSMENT OF THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND AFFECTING FACTORS OF ELDERLY PEOPLE LIVING AT SIX NURSING HOME IN URMIA, IRAN. International Journal of Academic Research. 2011;3(1).
16. Katz S. Assessing self‐maintenance: activities of daily living, mobility, and instrumental activities of daily living. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 1983;31(12):721-7.
17. Katz S, Downs TD, Cash HR, Grotz RC. Progress in development of the index of ADL. The gerontologist. 1970;10(1_Part_1):20-30.
18. Anthony JC, LeResche L, Niaz U, Von Korff MR, Folstein MF. Limits of the ‘Mini-Mental State’as a screening test for dementia and delirium among hospital patients. Psychological medicine. 1982;12(2):397-408.
19. Molloy DW, Alemayehu E, Roberts R. Reliability of a standardized mini-mental state examination compared with the traditional mini-mental state examination. Am J Psychiatry. 1991;148(1):102-5.
20. Graham C. Happiness and health: Lessons—and questions—for public policy. Health affairs. 2008;27(1):72-87.
21. Grundy SM, Becker D, Clark LT, Cooper RS, Denke MA, Howard J, et al. Detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Circulation. 2002;106(25):3143-421.
22. Esteghamati A, Khalilzadeh O, Rashidi A, Meysamie A, Haghazali M, Abbasi M, et al. Association between physical activity and metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults: national surveillance of risk factors of noncommunicable diseases (SuRFNCD-2007). Metabolism. 2009;58(9):1347-55.
23. Saad MAN, Cardoso GP, Martins WdA, Velarde LGC, Cruz Filho RAd. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in elderly and agreement among four diagnostic criteria. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia. 2014;102(3):263-9.
24. Gause-Nilsson I, Gherman S, Dey DK, Kennerfalk A, Steen B. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in an elderly Swedish population. Acta diabetologica. 2006;43(4):120-6.
25. Li R, Li W, Lun Z, Zhang H, Sun Z, Kanu JS, et al. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Mainland China: a meta-analysis of published studies. BMC public health. 2016;16(1):296.
26. Amirkalali B, Fakhrzadeh H, Sharifi F, Kelishadi R, Zamani F, Asayesh H, et al. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in the Iranian adult population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2015;17(12).
27. Beigh SH, Jain S. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and gender differences. Bioinformation. 2012;8(13):613.
28. Ho H-H, Tsai T-Y, Lin C-L, Wu S-Y, Li C-Y. Prevalence and associated factors for metabolic syndrome in Taiwanese hospital employees. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health. 2011;23(3):307-14.
29. Kamble P, Deshmukh PR, Garg N. Metabolic syndrome in adult population of rural Wardha, central India. The Indian journal of medical research. 2010;132(6):701.
30. de Carvalho Vidigal F, Ribeiro AQ, Babio N, Salas-Salvadó J, Bressan J. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and pre-metabolic syndrome in health professionals: LATINMETS Brazil study. Diabetology & metabolic syndrome. 2015;7(1):6.
31. Chuang T-J, Huang C-L, Lee C-H, Hsieh C-H, Hung Y-J, Hung C-F, et al. The differences of metabolic syndrome in elderly subgroups: A special focus on young-old, old-old and oldest old. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics. 2016;65:92-7.
32. Ebrahimi MH, Delvarianzadeh M, Saadat S. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Iranian occupational drivers. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2016;10(1):S46-S51.
33. Slagter SN, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Vonk JM, Boezen HM, Dullaart RP, Kobold ACM, et al. Associations between smoking, components of metabolic syndrome and lipoprotein particle size. BMC medicine. 2013;11(1):195.
34. Sun K, Liu J, Ning G. Active smoking and risk of metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. PloS one. 2012;7(10):e47791.
35. Chang C-S, Chang Y-F, Liu P-Y, Chen C-Y, Tsai Y-S, Wu C-H. Smoking, habitual tea drinking and metabolic syndrome in elderly men living in rural community: the Tianliao old people (TOP) study 02. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e38874.
36. Heitzer T, Ylä-Herttuala S, Luoma J, Kurz S, Münzel T, Just Hr, et al. Cigarette smoking potentiates endothelial dysfunction of forearm resistance vessels in patients with hypercholesterolemia: role of oxidized LDL. Circulation. 1996;93(7):1346-53.
37. Kong C, Nimmo L, Elatrozy T, Anyaoku V, Hughes C, Robinson S, et al. Smoking is associated with increased hepatic lipase activity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and early atherosclerosis in Type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis. 2001;156(2):373-8.
38. Rönnemaa T, Rönnemaa EM, Puukka P, Pyörälä K, Laakso M. Smoking is independently associated with high plasma insulin levels in nondiabetic men. Diabetes care. 1996;19(11):1229-32.
39. Cassells HB, Haffner SM. The metabolic syndrome: risk factors and management. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2006;21(4):306-13.
40. Hadaegh F, Zabetian A, Harati H, Azizi F. Metabolic syndrome in normal-weight Iranian adults. Annals of Saudi medicine. 2007;27(1):18.
41. Ezzati M, Vander Hoorn S, Lawes CM, Leach R, James WPT, Lopez AD, et al. Rethinking the “diseases of affluence” paradigm: global patterns of nutritional risks in relation to economic development. PLoS medicine. 2005;2(5):e133.
42. Gaziano TA, Opie LH, Weinstein MC. Cardiovascular disease prevention with a multidrug regimen in the developing world: a cost-effectiveness analysis. The Lancet. 2006;368(9536):679-86.
43. Liu C-L, Lin M-H, Peng L-N, Chen L-K, Su C-T, Liu L-K, et al. Late-life metabolic syndrome prevents cognitive decline among older men aged 75 years and over: one-year prospective cohort study. The journal of nutrition, health & aging. 2013;17(6):523-6.
44. Meinow B. Capturing health in the elderly population: Complex health problems, mortality, and allocation of home-help services: Institutionen för socialt arbete-Socialhögskolan; 2008.
45. Yoo S, Nicklas T, Baranowski T, Zakeri IF, Yang S-J, Srinivasan SR, et al. Comparison of dietary intakes associated with metabolic syndrome risk factors in young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2004;80(4):841-8.
46. Denova‐Gutiérrez E, Castañón S, Talavera JO, Gallegos‐Carrillo K, Flores M, Dosamantes‐Carrasco D, et al. Dietary patterns are associated with metabolic syndrome in an urban Mexican population. The Journal of nutrition. 2010;140(10):1855-63.
47. Khanam MA, Qiu C, Lindeboom W, Streatfield PK, Kabir ZN, Wahlin Å. The metabolic syndrome: prevalence, associated factors, and impact on survival among older persons in rural Bangladesh. PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e20259.
48. Esmaillzadeh A, Kimiagar M, Mehrabi Y, Azadbakht L, Hu FB, Willett WC. Dietary patterns, insulin resistance, and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in women–. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2007;85(3):910-8.
49. Olin AÖ, Koochek A, Ljungqvist O, Cederholm T. Nutritional status, well-being and functional ability in frail elderly service flat residents. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2005;59(2):263.
50. Oliveira MR, Fogaça KC, Leandro-Merhi VA. Nutritional status and functional capacity of hospitalized elderly. Nutrition Journal. 2009;8(1):54.
51. Welty FK, Nasca MM, Lew NS, Gregoire S, Ruan Y. Effect of onsite dietitian counseling on weight loss and lipid levels in an outpatient physician office. The American journal of cardiology. 2007;100(1):73-5.
52. Kabir ZN, Ferdous T, Cederholm T, Khanam MA, Streatfied K, Wahlin Å. Mini Nutritional Assessment of rural elderly people in Bangladesh: the impact of demographic, socio-economic and health factors. Public Health Nutrition. 2006;9(8):968-74.
53. Dehdari T, Delvarianzadeh M, Ariaeean N, Khosravi F, Bahar A. Nutritional Status and its Related Factors in Older People Residing in Nursing Homes in Semnan Province, Iran, 2017. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2019;14(2):224-35.
54. Shabani R, Nikbackt H, Gaeini A, Nikoo M, Sadegifar M, Jamshidi L, et al. The effect of dietitian and psychiatric counseling with endurance and resistance exercises on physical capacity and metabolic syndrome in patient with coronery artery disease (CAD). 2011.
55. Liaw F-Y, Kao T-W, Wu L-W, Wang C-C, Yang H-F, Peng T-C, et al. Components of metabolic syndrome and the risk of disability among the elderly population. Scientific reports. 2016;6:22750.
56. Laudisio A, Bandinelli S, Gemma A, Ferrucci L, Incalzi RA. Metabolic syndrome and functional ability in older age: The InCHIANTI study. Clinical Nutrition. 2014;33(4):626-33.
57. Viscogliosi G, Andreozzi P, Chiriac IM, Cipriani E, Servello A, Ettorre E, et al. Screening cognition in the elderly with metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome and related disorders. 2012;10(5):358-62.
58. Schmitt A, Maurus I, Rossner MJ, Röh A, Lembeck M, von Wilmsdorff M, et al. Effects of aerobic exercise on metabolic syndrome, cardiorespiratory fitness, and symptoms in schizophrenia include decreased mortality. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2018;9:690.
59. Murtagh EM, Boreham CA, Nevill A, Hare LG, Murphy MH. The effects of 60 minutes of brisk walking per week, accumulated in two different patterns, on cardiovascular risk. Preventive medicine. 2005;41(1):92-7.
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Published
2021-04-25
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How to Cite
Prevalence and Covariates of Metabolic Syndrome among Elderly People Living in Nursing Homes, Semnan, Iran: Metabolic syndrome among elderly subjects. (2021). International Journal of Health Studies, 7(2), 42-48. https://doi.org/10.22100/ijhs.v7i2.845
