The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) Treatment on Anxiety, Depression and Prevention of Substance Use Relapse
Authors
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Mohammad Niroumand Sarvandani 1
1. Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9790-3908
-
Noshirvan Khezri Moghadam 2
2. Associate professor of Health Psychology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, lran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6375-5708
-
Hamid Kalalian Moghadam 3
3. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8342-919X
-
Masoud Asadi 4
4. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5872-7673
-
Raheleh Rafaiee 5
5. Assistant professor, Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2796-5868
-
Maryam Soleimani 6*
6. Ph.D. Candidate. Department of Psychology and counseling, Faculty of Humanities, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0809-4112
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22100/ijhs.v7i2.848Keywords:
Mindfulness, MBSR, Anxiety, Depression, CravingAbstract
Background: Addiction and its negative consequences are a global problem and mindfulness is one of the methods that seeks to reduce its negative consequences using cognitive and behavioral techniques.. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on anxiety, depression, and the likelihood of relapse.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental and a pre-test-post-test design with a control group was used. The statistical population consisted of all people referring to addiction treatment clinics in Kerman and a sample of 50 people (25 people in the control group and 25 people in the experimental group) were selected through voluntary sampling. The experimental group received MBSR during 8 sessions of psychotherapy, but the control group did not receive any intervention. . The research instruments were Slip and Return Questionnaire (Wright, 2001), Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1961) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck, 1988). In addition, analysis of variance was used to compare the scores of individuals in the experimental and control groups.
Results: The results showed that Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) Treatment was effective in reducing anxiety (F (1, 48) = 3.15, p <.05), depression (F (1, 48) = 608.71, p <.05) and the likelihood of drug addicts returning) F (1, 48) = 18.20, p <.05).
Conclusions: Mindfulness is a kind of non-judgmental consciousness that teaches people to cope with negative thoughts and feelings and instead experience positive mental events. As a result, learning leads to less stress, less depression, and the likelihood of relapse through cognitive change in thinking style when faced with problems.
Keywords: Mindfulness, MBSR, Anxiety, Depression, Craving
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2. Janina G. Gallus B. Susa R. Intention to change drinking behavior in general practice patients with problematic drink and comorbid depression or anxiety. Alcohol & Alcoholism 2010; 40 (5): 394-400.
3. Janson L A. Jackson H J. Early maladaptive schemas in personality disorder individuals. Journal of Personality Disorders 2011; 18: 467-478.
4. Galanter M. Innovations: alcohol & drug abuse, spirituality in alcoholics anonymous. Psychiatric Services 2010; 57: 307- 309.
5. Tajeri B, Ahadi H, Jamhari F. A study of cognitive-behavioral therapy's effectiveness on abstinence, temptation, recurrence, and change of attitude in crystal meth addicts. Periodical of Clinical Psychology Studies 2012; 2nd year, No. 7. [Persian].
6. Imani S, Habibi M, Pashayi S, Zahiri Sarvari M, Mirzayi J, Zare' M. Effectiveness of mindfulness therapy on improving the life quality of drug (opium) abusers: physical and psychological health improvement; 2012. [Persian].
7. Kafi M, Mollazadeh Asfanjani R, Noori M, Salehi I. The effectiveness of group therapy with transactional analysis method on preventing from relapse of detoxified ones. Periodical of Addiction Studies 2013; 10. [Persian].
8. Yan Y. Nabeshima T. Mouse model of relapse to the abuse of drugs: procedural considerations and characterizations. Behavioural brain research 2009; 196 (1): 1-10.
9. Veilleux JC. Colvin PJ. Anderson J. York C. Heinz AJ. A review of opioid dependence treatment: pharmacological and psychosocial interventions to treat opioid addiction. Clinical Psychology Review 2010; 30 (2): 155-66.
10. Masudaa A, Lillisa J. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behavior Research and Therapy 2006; 44: 1-25.
11. McCarney RW, Schulz J, Grey AR. Effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapies in reducing symptoms of depression: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling 2012; 14 (3):279-99.
12. Michalak J, Burg J, Heidenreich T. Don't forget your body: mindfulness, embodiment, and the treatment of depression. Mindfulness 2012; 3 (3):190-9.
13. Treloar C, Laybutt B, Carruthers S. Using mindfulness to develop health education strategies for blood borne virus prevention in injecting drug use. Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy 2010; 17 (4):431-42.
14. Kingston J, Chadwick P, Meron D, Skinner TC. A pilot randomized control trial investigating the effect of mindfulness practice on pain tolerance, psychological well-being, and physiological activity. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2007; 62 (3):297-300.
15. Walsh JJ, Balint MG, Smolira SJ DR, Fredericksen LK, Madsen S. Predicting individual differences in mindfulness: The role of trait anxiety, attachment anxiety and attentional control. Personality and Individual Differences 2009; 46 (2):94-9.
16. Bowen S, Chawala N, Marlatt GA. Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for addictive behaviors: A clinician's guide. New York, London: Guilford Press; 2011.
17. Garland EL, Boettiger CA, Gaylord S, West Chanon V, Howard MO. Mindfulness is inversely associated with alcohol: attentional bias among recovering alcohol-dependent adults. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2012; 36 (5): 441-450.
18. Potek R. Mindfulness as a school-based prevention program and its effect on adolescent stress, anxiety and emotion regulation. New York University; 2012.
19. Farhadi A, Movahedi Y, Kariminejad K, Movahedi M. Effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on depression in men with coronary artery disease. Journal of Nursing, Cardiology 2013; Vol. 2, No. 4: 6-14. [Persian].
20. Britton WB, Bootzin RR, Cousins JC, Hasler BP, Peck T, Shapiro SL. The contribution of mindfulness practice to a multicomponent behavioral sleep intervention following substance abuse treatment in adolescents: a treatment-development study. Substance Abuse 2010; 31 (2): 86-97.
21. Uhlig DJ. Mindfulness-based relapse prevention and the matrix model in substance abuse relapse prevention: Walden University 2009; 132 pages, 3355064.
22. Bowen S, Witkiewitz K, Dillworth TM, Marlatt GA. The role of thought suppression in the relationship between mindfulness meditation and alcohol use. Addictive behaviors 2007; 32 (10): 2324-8.
23. Garland EL, Gaylord SA, Boettiger CA, Howard MO. Mindfulness training modifies cognitive, affective, and physiological mechanisms implicated in alcohol dependence: results of a randomized controlled pilot trial. Journal of psychoactive drugs 2010; 42 (2): 177-92.
24. Garland EL. Trait mindfulness predicts attentional and autonomic regulation of alcohol cue-reactivity. Journal of Psychophysiology 2011; 25 (4): 180-9.
25. Garland EL, Schwarz NR, Kelly A, Whitt A, Howard MO. Mindfulness-oriented recovery enhancement for alcohol dependence: therapeutic mechanisms and intervention acceptability. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions 2012; 12 (3): 242-63.
26. AsadiI M, Ghasemzadeh N, Nazarifar M, Niroumand sarvandani M. The Effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Couple Therapy on Marital Satisfaction and Positive Feelings towards the Spouse. International Journal of Health Studies (Undergoing change to Shahroud Journal of Medical Sciences), [S.l.], dec. 2020. ISSN 2423-6594.
27. Vernig PM, Orsillo SM. Psychophysiological and self-reported emotional responding in alcohol-dependent college students: The impact of brief acceptance/ mindfulness instruction. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 2009; 38 (3): 174-83.
28. United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention. Global illicit drug trends. New York: United Nations; 2005.
29. Roozen HG, Waart RD, Windt D, Brink W, Yong CA, Kerkbof AFM. A systematic review of the effectiveness of Naltrexone in the maintenance treatment of opioid and alcohol dependence. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2006; 16: 311-323.
30. Garavan H, Pankiewicz J, Bloom A, Cho JK, Sperry L, Ross TJ et al .Cue-induced cocaine craving: neuroanatomical specificity for drug users and drug stimuli. Am J Psychiatry. 2000. 157(11):1789–1798
31. Witkiewitz K, Marlatt A, Walker D. Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for alcohol and substance use disorders: the meditation tortoise wins the race. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 2005; 19: 221-229.
32. Delavar A. Psychology and educational sciences. Tehran: Virayesh Press; 2010. [Persian].
33. Wright FD, Beck AT, Newman CF. Cognitive therapy of substance abuse. Goudarzi MA, translator. Shiraz: Rahgosha; 2001. [Persian]
34. Firuzabadi A. Comparison of detached mindfulness techniques and distraction in reducing temptation of drug use. Ferdowsi University Master's thesis; 2008.
35. Kaviani J, Musavi A. Psychometric properties of the Beck Anxiety Inventory in Iranian population age and sex classes. Medical Journal of Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2008; 66 (2): 136-140. [Persian].
36. Taraqqi Jaah S. Comparison of group counseling with a cognitive-behavioral and spiritual approach on depression among female students at Tehran universities; 2006. [Persian].
37. Nisi A, Attari Y, Mojtahedzadeh F. Comparison of anxiety, depression, aggression, and academic performance among 3rd grade of guidance school female students who have stepfather, stepmother and parents in Ahvaz city. Social Psychology (New findings in psychology) 2008; 2 (6): 7-17. [Persian].
38. Kabat-Zinn J, Massion AO, Kristeller J, Peterson LG, Fletcher KE, Pert L, et al. Effectiveness of a meditation based stress reduction program in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 1992;149:936–43.
Published
2021-05-01
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The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) Treatment on Anxiety, Depression and Prevention of Substance Use Relapse. (2021). International Journal of Health Studies (Undergoing Change to Shahroud Journal of Medical Sciences), 7(2), 12-16. https://doi.org/10.22100/ijhs.v7i2.848
