Healthcare Workers Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection during an Early Phase of the Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors
-
Mostafa Dianati 1
1. Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0185-5807
-
Mozhgan Fardid 1
1. Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0501-6218
-
Maryam Khoramrooz 1
1. Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8803-2458
-
Fariba Zare 1
1. Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7326-1151
-
Alireza Azizi 1
1. Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6289-7579
-
Seyed Mohammad Mirrezaie 1*
1. Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5352-4244
-
Farideh Sadeghian 1
1. Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7173-6451
-
Shayesteh Jahanfar 2
2. School of Health Sciences-MPH Program, Health Professions Building 2212, Central Michigan University, USA.
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6149-1067
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22100/ijhs.v7i2.857Keywords:
Novel Coronavirus, COVID-19, Health Care Workers, Medical StaffAbstract
Background: Infection and death of health care workers (HCWs) with COVID-19 is an important health problem and will lead to inadequate care of patients, causes more damage and more spread of this pandemic. This study aimed to combine data on COVID-19 infection among HCWs through a systematic review and meta-analysis study.
Methods: We searched PubMed via MEDLINE, the SCOPUS, and Web of Science (ISI) to identify the studies on the prevalence of HCWs infection among COVID-19 patients. We used an eight-item checklist critically appraised to assess the quality of publications on the COVID-19 infection among HCWs. Random-effect models and meta-regression were used for the meta-analysis of the results.
Results: Overall, 98 articles were retrieved from the databases, of which, seven met the eligibility criteria published between December 2019 to March 2020. The total sample size of the included studies contained 72677 COVID-19 confirmed cases, of which 3131 were HCWs. The pooled COVID-19 infection prevalence among HCWs was 4% (95% CI: 3% to 5%).
Conclusions: According to the results, COVID-19 infection in HCWs was 4% of all cases in the early phase of the pandemic. So HCWs need special care including regular screening and appropriate, adequate, and standard personal protective equipment (PPE).
Keywords: Novel Coronavirus, COVID-19, Health Care Workers, Medical Staff.
References
2. Duggan NM, Ludy SM, Shannon BC, Reisner AT, Wilcox SRJTAJoEM. Is novel coronavirus 2019 reinfection possible? Interpreting dynamic SARS-CoV-2 test results through a case report. 2020.
3. Organization WH. Coronavirus disease ( COVID-19): weekly epidemiological update. 2020.
4. Kuster SP, Coleman BL, Raboud J, et al. Risk factors for influenza among health care workers during 2009 pandemic, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Emerging infectious diseases. 2013;19(4):606.
5. Lietz J, Westermann C, Nienhaus A, Schablon A. The occupational risk of influenza A (H1N1) infection among healthcare personnel during the 2009 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PloS one. 2016;11(8):e0162061.
6. Poon L, Guan Y, Nicholls J, Yuen K, Peiris J. The aetiology, origins, and diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome. The Lancet infectious diseases. 2004;4(11):663-671.
7. Lee N, Hui D, Wu A, et al. A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. New England Journal of Medicine. 2003;348(20):1986-1994.
8. Oraby T, Tyshenko MG, Balkhy HH, et al. Analysis of the Healthcare MERS-CoV Outbreak in King Abdulaziz Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, June–August 2015 Using a SEIR Ward Transmission Model. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020;17(8):2936.
9. Li X-j, Zhang Z-w, Zong Z-yJCC. A case of a readmitted patient who recovered from COVID-19 in Chengdu, China. 2020;24:1-3.
10. Schwartz J, King C-C, Yen M-Y. Protecting health care workers during the COVID-19 coronavirus outbreak-Lessons from Taiwan's SARS response. Clin Infect Dis. 2020.
11. Driggin E, Madhavan MV, Bikdeli B, et al. Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and health systems during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2020.
12. Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Systematic reviews. 2015;4(1):1.
13. Loney PL, Chambers LW, Bennett KJ, Roberts JG, Stratford PW. Critical appraisal of the health research literature: prevalence or incidence of a health problem. Chronic Dis Can. 1998;19(4):170-176.
14. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. Bmj. 2003;327(7414):557-560.
15. Guan W-j, Ni Z-y, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England journal of medicine. 2020;382(18):1708-1720.
16. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia. 2020.
17. The Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team. Vital Surveillances: The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19)—China, 2020. China CDC Weekly. 2020;2(8):113-122.
18. Wang C, Liu L, Hao X, et al. Evolving epidemiology and impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. medRxiv. 2020.
19. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Jama. 2020;323(11):1061-1069.
20. Wang G, Wu C, Zhang Q, et al. Epidemiological and Clinical Features of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Changsha, China. China (3/1/2020). 2020.
21. Zhang Jj, Dong X, Cao YY, et al. Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected by SARS‐CoV‐2 in Wuhan, China. Allergy. 2020.
22. Wong G, Liu W, Liu Y, Zhou B, Bi Y, Gao GF. MERS, SARS, and Ebola: the role of super-spreaders in infectious disease. Cell host & microbe. 2015;18(4):398-401.
23. De Wit E, Van Doremalen N, Falzarano D, Munster VJ. SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2016;14(8):523.
24. Kluytmans-van den Bergh MF, Buiting AG, Pas SD, et al. Prevalence and clinical presentation of health care workers with symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 in 2 Dutch hospitals during an early phase of the pandemic. JAMA network open. 2020;3(5):e209673-e209673.
25. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-513.
26. Wolf J, Prüss-Ustün A, Ivanov I, et al. Preventing disease through a healthier and safer workplace. 2018.
Published
Issue
Section
License
The Copyright Form should be downloaded and signed by corresponding author in the fourth step "upload supplementary files" during submission process.
After acceptance, copyright form should be downloaded and signed by all authors one by one ( "summery --> supp. file" part and click on "add a supplementary file" link).
