Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Reducing Impulsive Behaviors, Alexithymia, and Despair in Depressed Patients at Counseling Centers in Ahvaz
Alexithymia and Despair in Depressed Patients
Authors
-
Gholamreza Sedighrad 1
1. Department of Health Psychology, Khorramshahr-Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramshahr, Iran
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0170-5056
-
Parviz Asgari 2*
2. Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4214-0461
-
Alireza Heidari 2
2. Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8974-3211
-
Naser Seraj Khorami 3
3. Department of Psychology, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8674-8313
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22100/ijhs.v7i3.879Keywords:
Depression, Despair, Alexithymia, Impulsive behaviors, Cognitive-behavioral therapyAbstract
Background: Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders that severely affect activities and mental health. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on reducing impulsive behaviors (IBs), alexithymia, and despair in depressed patients at counseling centers in Ahvaz.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up design, and a control group. The study population comprised all patients with depression who were referred to the counseling centers of Ahvaz in 2019. The sample consisted of 30 patients with depression selected by convenience sampling and divided into experimental and control groups (n= 15 per group). The experimental group underwent twelve sessions (90-minutes sessions per week) of cognitive-behavioral therapy. The research instruments included the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and the Miller Hope Scale (MHS). The follow-up was performed after 30 days. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
Results: The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) reduced impulsive behaviors (IBs), alexithymia, and despair in the experimental group of depressed groups compared with the control group in the post-test and follow-up (Pvalue= 0.0001).
Conclusions: CBT can be used at counseling centers for better treatment of IBs, alexithymia, and despair in depressed groups.
Keywords: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, Impulsive behaviors, Alexithymia, Despair, Depression.
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24. Armento ME, Stanley MA, Marsh L, Kunik ME, York MK, Bush AL, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for depression and anxiety in Parkinson's disease: a clinical review. J Parkinsons Dis. 2012;2(2):135-51. doi: 10.3233/JPD-2012-12080.
25. Cuijpers P, Cristea IA, Karyotaki E, Reijnders M, Huibers MJH. How effective are cognitive behavior therapies for major depression and anxiety disorders? A meta-analytic update of the evidence. World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 2016;15(3):245-58. doi:10.1002/wps.20346
2. Yadavari M, Naderi F, Makvandi B. The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on depression, anxiety, and stress in patients with chronic pain in Ahvaz. Int J Health Stud 2021;7(1):28-32. doi:10.22100/ijhs.v7i1.827
3. Afzali A, Ebrahimi H, Emamian MH. The prevalence of mental disorders (depression and anxiety) and their related factors among the elderlies in Bastam 2018. Int J Health Stud 2018;4(3):12- 16. doi:.22100/ijhs.v4i3.568
4. Regan T, Harris B, Fields SA. Are relationships between impulsivity and depressive symptoms in adolescents’ sex-dependent? Heliyon. 2019;5(10):e02696-e. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02696
5. Heydari M, Masafi S, Jafari M, Saadat SH, Shahyad S. Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Anxiety and Depression of Razi Psychiatric Center Staff. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2018;6(2):410-5. doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.064.
6. Khurana A, Romer D, Betancourt LM, Hurt H. Modeling Trajectories of Sensation Seeking and Impulsivity Dimensions from Early to Late Adolescence: Universal Trends or Distinct Sub-groups? Journal of youth and adolescence. 2018;47(9):1992-2005. doi:10.1007/s10964-018-0891-9
7. Sifneos PE. Alexithymia, clinical issues, politics and crime. Psychother Psychosom. 2000;69(3):113-6. doi: 10.1159/000012377.
8. Arroyo-Anlló EM, Souchaud C, Ingrand P, Chamorro Sánchez J, Melero Ventola A, Gil R. Alexithymia in Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Med. 2020;10(1):44. doi:10.3390/jcm10010044
9. Tesio V, Di Tella M, Ghiggia A, Romeo A, Colonna F, Fusaro E, et al. Alexithymia and Depression Affect Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Pain: A Study on 205 Patients With Fibromyalgia. Frontiers in psychology. 2018;9:442-. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00442
10. Liu RT, Kleiman EM, Nestor BA, Cheek SM. The Hopelessness Theory of Depression: A Quarter Century in Review. Clin Psychol (New York). 2015;22(4):345-65. Liu, Richard T et al. “The Hopelessness Theory of Depression: A Quarter Century in Review.” Clinical psychology: a publication of the Division of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association vol. 22,4 (2015): 345-365. doi:10.1111/cpsp.12125
11. Song X, Vilares I. Assessing the relationship between the human learned helplessness depression model and anhedonia. PloS one. 2021;16(3):e0249056-e. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0249056
12. Mohamadian F, Bagheri M, Hashemi MS, Komeili Sani H. The Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Depression and Anxiety among Patients with Thalassemia: a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Caring Sci. 2018;7(4):219-24. doi:10.15171/jcs.2018.033
13. Gautam M, Tripathi A, Deshmukh D, Gaur M. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. Indian J Psychiatry. 2020;62(Suppl 2):S223-S9. doi:10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_772_19
14. López-López JA, Davies SR, Caldwell DM, Churchill R, Peters TJ, Tallon D, et al. The process and delivery of CBT for depression in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Psychological medicine. 2019;49(12):1937-47. López-López, José A et al. “The process and delivery of CBT for depression in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.” Psychological medicine vol. 49,12 (2019): 1937-1947. doi:10.1017/S003329171900120X
15. Qiu H, Ren W, Yang Y, Zhu X, Mao G, Mao S, et al. Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for depression on improving insomnia and quality of life in Chinese women with breast cancer: results of a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2018;14:2665-73. Qiu, Huihua et al. “Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for depression on improving insomnia and quality of life in Chinese women with breast cancer: results of a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial.” Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment vol. 14 2665-2673. 10 Oct. 2018, doi:10.2147/NDT.S171297
16. Vasile C. CBT and medication in depression (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2020;20(4):3513-6. doi:10.3892/etm.2020.9014
17. Javid M, Mohammadi N, Rahimi C. Psychometric properties of an Iranian version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11). Journal of Psychological Methods and Models. 2012;2(8):23-34. http://jpmm.miau.ac.ir/article_1088.html
18. Roshani F, Najafi M, Naqshbandi S, Malekzade P. Comparison of Alexithymia in Individuals with and without Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2017;9(2):73-82. doi: 10.22075/jcp.2017.11204.1109
19. Pourabdol S, Absasi M, Pirani Z, Abbasi M. The Relationship Between life Expectancy and Psychological well-Being with Quality of Life in the Elderly. Aging Psychology. 2015;1(1):57-65. https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_290.html?lang=en
20. Seligman LD, Ollendick TH. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in youth. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2011;20(2):217-38. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2011.01.003
21. Lopez MA, Basco MA. Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in public mental health: comparison to treatment as usual for treatment-resistant depression. Adm Policy Ment Health. 2015;42(1):87-98. doi:10.1007/s10488-014-0546-4
22. Tajeri B. The effectiveness of CBT on depression and anxiety among Methamphetamine addicts. Thoughts and Behavior in Clinical Psychology. 2016;11(39):27-36. https://jtbcp.riau.ac.ir/article_331.html
23. Santoft F, Axelsson E, Öst LG, Hedman-Lagerlöf M, Fust J, Hedman-Lagerlöf E. Cognitive behaviour therapy for depression in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2019;49(8):1266-74. doi: 10.1017/S0033291718004208
24. Armento ME, Stanley MA, Marsh L, Kunik ME, York MK, Bush AL, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for depression and anxiety in Parkinson's disease: a clinical review. J Parkinsons Dis. 2012;2(2):135-51. doi: 10.3233/JPD-2012-12080.
25. Cuijpers P, Cristea IA, Karyotaki E, Reijnders M, Huibers MJH. How effective are cognitive behavior therapies for major depression and anxiety disorders? A meta-analytic update of the evidence. World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 2016;15(3):245-58. doi:10.1002/wps.20346
Published
2021-06-21
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How to Cite
Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Reducing Impulsive Behaviors, Alexithymia, and Despair in Depressed Patients at Counseling Centers in Ahvaz: Alexithymia and Despair in Depressed Patients. (2021). International Journal of Health Studies (Undergoing Change to Shahroud Journal of Medical Sciences), 7(3), 16-20. https://doi.org/10.22100/ijhs.v7i3.879
