A Review of Wearing a Mask and How to Correctly Wear it in Shahroud City
Authors
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Omid Garkaz
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7192-8629
-
Atefeh Zirouhi
Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097
-
Faezeh Mohammadi
Student Research Committee, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097
-
Ghazaleh Yavari
Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097
-
Zohreh Damghani
Student Research Committee, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22100/ijhs.v8i2.912Keywords:
Mask, Correct wearing, ShahroudAbstract
Background: One of the most important issues since SARS-CoV-2 was identified was the growing information on how the virus was transmitted and how to protect against it. However, many key questions have not yet been fully answered. This study aimed to investigate the correct wearing of a mask in Shahroud city.
Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional one conducted on 800 people in Shahroud city in a two-month interval (Aug. 22, 2020, to October 30, 2020). Data were collected using a checklist including demographic information. After being collected, the data were entered into SPSS18 and analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: The results indicated that out of 800 people taking part, 415 people (51.9%) were male and 385 ones (48.1%) were female. The mean participants’ age was 61.78 16±16.09; most participants in the study were born in the year 1972-1995 with 385 ones (48%). Also, concerning masks, it was found that the use of masks and the correct use of them accounted for 528 cases (66%) and 377 cases (47.1%), respectively. The most used mask was a surgical mask with 343 cases (42.9). Concerning the non-use of a mask, 132 people (16.5%) cited choking as the most important reason for not wearing a mask. Also, 681 people (85.1%) and 557 ones (69.6%) had chosen not to participate at weddings and parties, respectively.
Conclusions: The results suggested that a greater percentage of participants in the study knew how to correctly wear a mask while not having a history of participating in ceremonies and parties, which is a very good issue.
Keywords: Mask, Correct wearing, Shahroud
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2. Zhou P, Yang X-L, Wang X-G, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. nature. 2020;579(7798):270-3.
3. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506.
4. Wu P, Hao X, Lau EH, Wong JY, Leung KS, Wu JT, et al. Real-time tentative assessment of the epidemiological characteristics of novel coronavirus infections in Wuhan, China, as of 22 January 2020. Eurosurveillance. 2020;25(3).
5. Farnoosh G, Alishiri G, Zijoud SRH, Dorostkar R, Farahani AJ. Understanding the 2019-novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Based on Available Evidence-A Narrative Review. Journal of Military Medicine. 2020:22(1),1-11
6. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, Zhao X, Huang B, Shi W, Lu R, Niu P. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020 Jan 24.
7. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, Ren R, Leung KS, Lau EH, Wong JY, Xing X. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020 Jan 29.
8. World Health Organization. Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19: interim guidance, 5 June 2020. World Health Organization; 2020.
9. World Health Organization. Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19. Interim guidance. 2020 Apr;6.
10. Li R, Pei S, Chen B, Song Y, Zhang T, Yang W, Shaman J. Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Science. 2020 May 1;368(6490):489-93.
11. Lopes H, de Cima P, Middleton J, Presidente AS, De Guchtenaere A, Hadjipanayis A, Presidente EA. DECLARACIÓN DE ASPHER SOBRE EL USO DE MASCARILLAS EN LA INFANCIA.
12. Adams J. Recommendation regarding the use of cloth face coverings, especially in areas of significant community-based transmission.
13. Lyu W, Wehby GL. Community Use Of Face Masks And COVID-19: Evidence From A Natural Experiment Of State Mandates In The US: Study examines the impact on COVID-19 growth rates associated with state government mandates requiring face mask use in public. Health Affairs. 2020 Aug 1:10-377.
14. Chu DK, Akl EA, Duda S, Solo K, Yaacoub S, Schünemann HJ, et al. Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet. 2020.
15. James JJ. This accepted version of the article may differ from the final published version. This is an Accepted Manuscript for Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness as part of the Cambridge Coronavirus Collection.
16. Eikenberry SE, Mancuso M, Iboi E, Phan T, Eikenberry K, Kuang Y, et al. To mask or not to mask: Modeling the potential for face mask use by the general public to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic. Infectious Disease Modelling. 2020.
17. Bremmer I. Coronavirus and the World Order to Come. Horizons: Journal of International Relations and Sustainable Development. 2020 Apr 1(16):14-23.
18. Javid B, Balaban NQ. Impact of population mask-wearing on Covid-19 post lockdown. medRxiv. 2020 Jan 1.
19. Stutt RO, Retkute R, Bradley M, Gilligan CA, Colvin J. A modeling framework to assess the likely effectiveness of facemasks in combination with ‘lock-down in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 2020 Jun 24;476(2238):20200376.
20. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/when-and-how-to-use-masks.
21. Wu Y-C, Chen C-S, Chang Y-J. Overview of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-Nov): the pathogen of severe specific contagious pneumonia (SSCP). J Chin Med Assoc. 2020;83(3):217-20.
22. Jefferson T, Foxlee R, Del Mar C, Dooley L, Ferroni E, Hewak B, et al. Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses: a systematic review. BMJ. 2008;336(7635):77-80.
23. Lee K, Shukla V, Clark M, Mierzwinski-Urban M, Pessoa-Silva C, Conly J. Physical Interventions to Interrupt or Reduce the Spread of Respiratory Viruses—Resource Use Implications: A Systematic Review. CADTH technology overviews. 2012;2(3)
24. van der Sande M, Teunis P, Sabel R. Professional, and home-made face masks reduce exposure to respiratory infections among the general population. PloS one. 2008;3(7):e2618.
25. Park J-H, Cheong H-K, Son D-Y, Kim S-U, Ha C-M. Perceptions and behaviors related to hand hygiene for the prevention of H1N1 influenza transmission among Korean university students during the peak pandemic period. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2010;10(1):222.
26. Najimi A, Golshiri P. Knowledge, beliefs, and preventive behaviors regarding Influenza A in students: a test of the health belief model. Journal of education and health promotion. 2013:2(1)
27. Tajvar A. Comment on WHO advises that say the public doesn't need to wear masks in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Military Medicine. 2020;22(2):212-3.
28. Chen X, Ren L, Liu Q, Hu Q, Du X, Tan X. Hand Hygiene, Mask-Wearing Behaviors, and Its Associated Factors during the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Cross-Sectional Study among Primary School Students in Wuhan, China. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020;17(8):2893.
29. Organization WH. Rational use of personal protective equipment for coronavirus disease (COVID-19): interim guidance, 27 February 2020. World Health Organization, 2020.
30. Radanovich LJ, Bessesen MT, Cummings DA, Eagan A, Gaydos C, Gibert C, et al. The Respiratory Protection Effectiveness Clinical Trial (ResPECT): a cluster-randomized comparison of the respiratory and medical mask effectiveness against respiratory infections in healthcare personnel. BMC infectious diseases. 2016;16(1):243.
31. Kampf G, Todt D, Pfaender S, Steinmann E. Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2020;104(3):246-51.
32. Taghdir M, Sepandi M, Abbaszadeh S, Parastouei K. A review on some nutrition-based Interventions in Covid-19. Journal Mil Med. 2020;22(2):169-76.
33. Tavakoli A, Vahdat K, Keshavarz M. Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): an emerging infectious disease in the 21st century. ISMJ. 2020;22(6):432-50.
34. Zu ZY, Jiang MD, Xu PP, Chen W, Ni QQ, Lu GM, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a perspective from China. Radiology. 2020:200490.
35. Li J-PO, Lam DSC, Chen Y, Ting DSW. Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The importance of recognizing possible early ocular manifestation and using protective eyewear. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd; 2020.
36. Dong L, Hu S, Gao J. Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Drug discoveries & therapeutics. 2020;14(1):58-60.
Published
2021-10-25
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How to Cite
A Review of Wearing a Mask and How to Correctly Wear it in Shahroud City. (2021). International Journal of Health Studies, 8(2), 41-45. https://doi.org/10.22100/ijhs.v8i2.912
