Structural Model of the Relationship between Pathological Personality Traits and Adolescents' Tendency to Self-Harm Behavior: The Mediating role of Hyper-Competitive Attitude
Authors
-
Asal Najian
Ph.D. candidate, Department of Psychology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4926-1012
-
Mohsen Kachooei
Department of Psychology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3070-4100
-
Hojjatollah Farahani
Department of Psychology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9799-7008
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22100/ijhs.v9i2.949Keywords:
Pathological personality traits, Adolescent, Self-harm behavior, Hyper-competitive attitudeAbstract
Background: Self-harm is more prevalent than previously thought in adolescent and young adult populations. This study aimed to test the structural model of the relationship between pathological personality traits and adolescents' tendency to self-harm behavior based on the mediating role of hyper-competitive attitude.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 205 girls with self-damage selected for sampling during 3 months (September to December) in Teheran, Iran, 2021. The participants were selected through snowball sampling method and answered the Competitive Attitude Scale (CAS); Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and Self-Harm Inventory (SHI) questionnaires. The results were analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), AMOS18 software.
Results: Findings of the structural model test showed that each of the dimensions of abnormal personality has a positive effect on hyper-competitive attitude, also the effect of extreme competition on self-harm was positive and significant. On the other hand, the mediating role of hyper-competitive attitude in the relationship between abnormal personality dimensions and self-harm was confirmed. Fit indices with values (X2 / df = 2.49, RMSEA = 0.08, GFI = 0.98, CFI = 0.98) also showed that the tested model has an acceptable fit with the concept model.
Conclusions: Individuals suffering from pathological personalities and self-harm tendencies exhibited hyper-competitive attitudes. In assessment and treatment settings, our findings provide the best prognostic information to explain psychopathology and to highlight abnormal personality traits and self-harm behaviors in adolescents.
Keywords: Pathological personality traits, Adolescent, Self-harm behavior, Hyper-competitive attitude
References
1. Sadock B. sadock V. Kaplan and Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 2015;1441-1503. https://www.amazon.de/Kaplan-Sadocks-Comprehensive-Textbook-Psychiatry/dp/1451100477
2. Miller GE, Chen E, Parker KJ. Psychological stress in childhood and susceptibility to the chronic diseases of aging: moving toward a model of behavioral and biological mechanisms. Psychol Bull. 2011 Nov;137(6):959-97. doi: 10.1037/a0024768. PMID: 21787044; PMCID: PMC3202072.
3. Nooripour R, hosseinian S, afrouz G A, Bakhshani N M. Effectiveness of Neurofeedback on Cognitive Empathy and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). JOEC. 2020; 20 (2) :5-20. http://joec.ir/article-1-1078-fa.html
4. Mendoza-Jiménez MJ, Hannemann TV, Atzendorf J. Behavioral risk factors and adherence to preventive measures: evidence from the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in public health. 2021;9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.674597
5. Lovell S, Clifford M. Nonsuicidal Self-Injury of Adolescents. Clinical Pediatrics. 2016;55(11):1012-1019. doi:10.1177/0009922816666854
6. Arendt F, Scherr S, Romer D. Effects of exposure to self-harm on social media: Evidence from a two-wave panel study among young adults. New Media & Society. 2019;21(11-12):2422-2442. doi:10.1177/1461444819850106
7. Zetterqvist M. The DSM-5 diagnosis of nonsuicidal self-injury disorder: a review of the empirical literature. Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health. 2015 Dec;9(1):1-3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-015-0062-7
8. D'Agostino A, Boni M, Aportone A, Pepi R, Monti MR. Direct and indirect self-injury: Is it really all the same? Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2020 Aug 13;8(2).). https://doi.org/10.6092/2282-1619/mjcp-2434
9. Chamberlain SR, Redden SA, Grant JE. Associations between self-harm and distinct types of impulsivity. Psychiatry research. 2017 Apr 1; 250:10-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.050
10. Harding K. Enhancing the occupational therapy role around ‘personality disorder’ and self-harm. British Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2020;83(9):547-548. doi:10.1177/0308022620947642
11. Homan KJ, Sim LA, Fargo JD, Twohig MP. Five-year prospective investigation of self-harm/suicide-related behaviors in the development of borderline personality disorder. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment. 2017 Apr;8(2):183. https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000169
12. Trull TJ, Widiger TA. Dimensional models of personality: the five-factor model and the DSM-5. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2013 Jun;15(2):135-46. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2013.15.2/ttrull. PMID: 24174888; PMCID: PMC3811085.
13. Krueger RF, Markon KE. The role of the DSM-5 personality trait model in moving toward a quantitative and empirically based approach to classifying personality and psychopathology. Annual review of clinical psychology. 2014 Mar 28;10:477-501. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153732
14. Krueger RF, Derringer J, Markon KE, Watson D, Skodol AE. Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5. Psychological medicine. 2012 Sep;42(9):1879-90. doi:10.1017/S0033291711002674
15. Thomas KM, Yalch MM, Krueger RF, Wright AGC, Markon KE, Hopwood CJ. The Convergent Structure of DSM-5 Personality Trait Facets and Five-Factor Model Trait Domains. Assessment. 2013;20(3):308-311. doi:10.1177/1073191112457589
16. Anderson JL, Sellbom M, Salekin RT. Utility of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5–Brief Form (PID-5-BF) in the Measurement of Maladaptive Personality and Psychopathology. Assessment. 2018;25(5):596-607. doi:10.1177/1073191116676889
17. Somma A, Fossati A, Ferrara M, Fantini F, Galosi S, Krueger RF, Markon KE, Terrinoni A. DSM‐5 personality domains as correlates of non‐suicidal self‐injury severity in an Italian sample of adolescent inpatients with self‐destructive behaviour. Personality and mental health. 2019 Nov;13(4):205-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmh.1462
18. Davis KC, Anderson JL. Psychological pain: A moderating factor between personality psychopathology and self-harm. Journal of American college health. 2021 May 11:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2021.1928677
19. Karayagiz Muslu G, Coşkun Cenk S, Sarlak D. An Analysis of the Relationship Between High School Students' Tendency Toward Violence, Self-Esteem, and Competitive Attitude. J Interpers Violence. 2020 Nov;35(23-24):5976-5996. doi: 10.1177/0886260517723742. Epub 2017 Aug 21. PMID: 29294879.
20. Ryckman RM, Hammer M, Kaczor LM, Gold JA. Construction of a personal development competitive attitude scale. J Pers Assess. 1996 Apr;66(2):374-85. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6602_15.
21. Arnocky S, Vaillancourt T. A multi-informant longitudinal study on the relationship between aggression, peer victimization, and dating status in adolescence. Evol Psychol. 2012 May 25;10(2):253-70. PMID: 22947638.
22. Gefen D, Straub D, Boudreau MC. Structural equation modeling and regression: Guidelines for research practice. Communications of the association for information systems. 2000;4(1):7. https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.00407
23. Menesini E, Tassi F, Nocentini A. The competitive attitude scale CAS a multidimensional measure of competitiveness in adolescence. J. Psychol. Clin. Psychiatry. 2018;9(3):240-4. doi:10.15406/jpcpy.2018.09.00528
24. Amini M, Dabaghi P, Lotfi M. The investigation of psychometric properties of the Persian version of personality inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) in soldiers. Journal Mil Med. 2018 Jun 19;20(2):145-53. http://militarymedj.ir/article-1-1643-en.html
25. Nicholls AR, Madigan DJ, Backhouse SH, Levy AR. Personality traits and performance enhancing drugs: The Dark Triad and doping attitudes among competitive athletes. Personality and Individual Differences. 2017 Jul 1; 112:113-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.02.062
26. Zhang P, Ouyang Z, Fang S, He J, Fan L, Luo X, Zhang J, Xiong Y, Luo F, Wang X, Yao S, Wang X. Personality inventory for DSM-5 brief form(PID-5-BF) in Chinese students and patients: evaluating the five-factor model and a culturally informed six-factor model. BMC Psychiatry. 2021 Feb 17;21(1):107. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03080-x.
27. Hopwood CJ, Thomas KM, Markon KE, Wright AG, Krueger RF. DSM-5 personality traits and DSM-IV personality disorders. J Abnorm Psychol. 2012 May;121(2):424-32. doi: 10.1037/a0026656. Epub 2012 Jan 16. Erratum in: J Abnorm Psychol. 2012 May;121(2):432. PMID: 22250660; PMCID: PMC3909514.
28. Gilbert P, McEwan K, Bellew R, Mills A, Gale C. The dark side of competition: How competitive behaviour and striving to avoid inferiority are linked to depression, anxiety, stress and self-harm. Psychol Psychother. 2009 Jun;82(Pt 2):123-36. doi: 10.1348/147608308X379806. Epub 2008 Nov 26. PMID: 19040794.
29. Van Slingerland KJ, Durand-Bush N, Bradley L, Goldfield G, Archambault R, Smith D, Edwards C, Delenardo S, Taylor S, Werthner P, Kenttä G. Canadian Centre for Mental Health and Sport (CCMHS) Position Statement: Principles of Mental Health in Competitive and High-Performance Sport. Clin J Sport Med. 2019 May;29(3):173-180. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000665. PMID: 31033609.
Published
Issue
Section
License
The Copyright Form should be downloaded and signed by corresponding author in the fourth step "upload supplementary files" during submission process.
After acceptance, copyright form should be downloaded and signed by all authors one by one ( "summery --> supp. file" part and click on "add a supplementary file" link).
