The Effectiveness of Skill Training based on Compassion-Focused Therapy on Psychological Capital and Depression in Adolescent Girls with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors
-
Afrouz Hamidi
Department of psychology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2252-2689
-
Fariba Hassani
Department of psychology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6807-1516
-
Farnaz Keshavarzi Arshadi
Clinical psychology department, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran branch, Tehran, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5915-3210
-
Fayegh Yousefi
Department of Psychiatry, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5503-3326
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22100/ijhs.v7i4.873Keywords:
Skill Training, Compassion-Focused Therapy, Psychological Capital, Depression, Diabetes type 1Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease with a high risk of disability and death. In addition to physical complications, some psychological problems especially depression and loss of psychological capital are also common in people with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) training on psychological capital and depression in female adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and follow-up. The statistical population of the study was all adolescents aged 16-14 years with type 1 diabetes in Sanandaj City. The statistical sample consisted of 30 adolescents with type 1 diabetes who were purposefully selected and randomly divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The PCQ-24 scale was used to collect data to measure psychological capital and the BDI-II scale was used to measure depression. The experimental group received 90 minutes of skill training based on CFT in eight sessions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by repeated measure in SPSS software v. 25.
Results: The results showed that skill training based on CFT was effective on psychological capital and depression in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes in the post-test phase (Pvalue<0.05), and had a lasting effect (Pvalue<0.05).
Conclusions: The results showed that Skill Training Based on CFT is effective on psychological capital and depression, so it is recommended that clinical psychologists use this training to increase the psychological health of patients with type 1 diabetes.
Keywords: Skill Training, Compassion-Focused Therapy, Psychological Capital, Depression, Diabetes type 1
References
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28. Ahmadi R, Sajjadian I, Jaffari F. The effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on anxiety, depression and suicidal thoughts in women with vitiligo. jdc 2019; 10:18-29. [Persian].
29. Salimi A, Arsalandeh F, Zahrakar K, Davarniya R, Shakarami M. The Effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy on Mental Health of Women with Multiple Sclerosis. Horizon Med Sci 2018; 24:125-131. [Persian].
30. Purewal R. & Fisher PL . The contribution of illness perceptions and metacognitive beliefs to anxiety and depression in adults with diabetes. Diabetes research and clinical practice 2018; 136: 16-22.
31. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed, United States of America, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.1988; 310-11.
32. Gilbert P. Introducing compassion-focused therapy. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 2009;15: 199-208.
33. Snyder CR. Sympson S. Ybasco F. Borders T. Babyak M. Higgins R. Development and validation of the state hope scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1996; 70: 321–335.
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35. Parker S. Enhancing role-breath self efficacy: The roles of job enrichment and other organizational interventions. Journal of Applied Psychology 1998; 83: 835–852.http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.83.6.835.
36. Wagnild GM. Young HM. Development and psychometric evaluation of the resiliency scale. Journal of Nursing Management 1993; 1: 165–178.
37. Luthans F. Youssef CM. Avolio BJ. Psychological capital: Developing the human competitive edge. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press 2007.
38. Bahadori Khosroshahi J.Hashemi Nosratabad T. Babapour Khairuddin. The relationship between social capital and psychological well-being in students of Tabriz University', Bi-Quarterly Journal of Social Cognition 2015; 3 : 44-54. [Persian].
39. Beck AT. Ward CH. Mendelson M. Mock J . Erbaugh J . An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 1961; 4: 561–571.
40. Beck AT. Steer RA . Brown GK . BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition, Manual. San Antonia: The Psychological Corporation 1996.
41. Beck AT. Steer RA . Garbin MG . Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review1988; 8: 77–100.
42. Dozois DJ. Dobson KS . Ahnberg JL . A psychometric evaluation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Psychological Assessment1998; 10: 83–89.10.
43. Rajabi,G. Attari YA. Haghighi J. . 'Factor analysis of Beck questionnaire questions (BDI-21) on male students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz', Educational Sciences 2000; 8 : 49-66. doi: 10.22055 / edus.2002.16610. [Persian].
44. Ghadmpour E. Mansouri L. The effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on increasing the level of optimism and compassion for students with generalized anxiety disorder', Psychological Studies 2018; 14 : 59-74. doi: 10.22051 / psy.2017.13705.1329.
45. Gilbert P. The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 2014; 53: 6-41.
46. Diedrich A. Grant M. Hofmann S J . Hiller W/ Berking B.Self-compassion as an emotion strategy in major depressive disorder. Behavior Research and Therapy 2014; 58:43-51.
47. BeaumontE. Hollins Martin J . A narrative review exploring the effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy. Counselling Psychology Review 2015; 30: 21-32.
48. Lucre K.M. Corten N. An exploration of group compassion‐focused therapy for personality disorder. Psychology and Psychotherapy: theory, research and Practice2013; 86: 387-400.
49. Kolts R L. CFT made simple: A clinician's guide to practicing compassion-focused therapy. New Harbinger Publications 2016.
50. Gilbert P. Compassion focused therapy. The Beginner's Guide to Counselling & Psychotherapy2015; 127.
51. Craig C. Hiskey S. Spector A. Compassion focused therapy: a systematic review of its effectiveness and acceptability in clinical populations. Expert review of neurotherapeutics2020; 20: 385-400.
52. Ramesh S, Ghazian M, Rafiepoor A, Safari A R. The Mediator Role of Depression and Anxiety in the Relationship between Cognitive Emotional Regulation and Self-care in Type 2 Diabetes. psj 2018; 16:37-45. [Persian].
2. Ziegler R, Neu A. Diabetes in Childhood and Adolescence: A Guideline-Based Approach to Diagnosis, Treatment, and Follow-Up. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International 2018; 115: 146.
3. Graham Eva A, et al. Measures of depression and risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of affective disorders 2020; 265: 224-232. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.11.010
4. American Diabetes Association. 7. Obesity Management for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2018. Diabetes care. 2018 Jan;41(Suppl 1):S65.
5. Deacon CF. Peptide degradation and the role of DPP-4 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Peptides 2018;100:150-7. doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00080.
6. Amini R, Najafi H, Samari B, Khodaveisi M, Tapak L. Effect of Home Care Program on Therapeutic Adherence of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Educ Community Health2020; 7:187-193. [Persian].
7. King K M. King PJ. NayarR. Wilkes S. Perceptions of adolescent patients of the “lived experience” of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Spectrum2017; 30: 23-35.
8. Youssef-Morgan C M, Luthans F. Psychological capital theory: Toward a positive holistic model. In Advances in positive organizational psychology. Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2013.
9. Luthans F. Youssef C M, Avolio BJ. Psychological capital and beyond. Oxford University Press, USA 2015.
10. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Pub 2013.
11. Gilbert P. Introducing compassion-focused therapy. Advances in psychiatric treatment 2009; 15: 199-208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.107.005264
12. Leaviss J. Uttley L. Psychotherapeutic benefits of compassion-focused therapy: An early systematic review. Psychological medicine 2015; 45: 927-945. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291714002141
13. Gilbert P. The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 2014; 53: 6-41. doi:10.1111/bjc.12043
14. Di Fabio A. Saklofske D H. The relationship of compassion and self-compassion with personality and emotional intelligence. Personality and individual differences2021; 169: 110109. DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110109.
15. Neff KD, Bluth K, Tóth-Király I, et al. Development and Validation of the Self-Compassion Scale for Youth. J Pers Assess 2021;103:92-105. doi:10.1080/00223891.2020.1729774
16. Craig C. Hiskey S. Spector A. Compassion focused therapy: a systematic review of its effectiveness and acceptability in clinical populations. Expert review of neurotherapeutics 2020; 20: 385-400.
17. Steffen PR. Foxx J. Cattani K. Alldredge C. Austin T. Burlingame GM. Impact of a 12-week group-based compassion focused therapy intervention on heart rate variability. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback2021; 46: 61-68.
18. Sommers-Spijkerman MP. Trompetter HR. Schreurs K M. Bohlmeijer E T. Compassion-focused therapy as guided self-help for enhancing public mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology 2018; 86: 101.
19. Fox J. Cattani K. Burlingame G M.Compassion focused therapy in a university counseling and psychological services center: A feasibility trial of a new standardized group manual. Psychotherapy Research2020; 1-13.
20. LeavissJ. Uttley L. Psychotherapeutic benefits of compassion-focused therapy: An early systematic review. Psychological medicine 2015; 45: 927-945.
21. Bluth K. Eisenlohr-Moul TA. Response to a mindful self-compassion intervention in teens: A within-person association of mindfulness, self-compassion, and emotional well-being outcomes. Journal of Adolescence2017; 57: 108-118.
22. Shafiei M, Akbari S, heidarirad H. The Effectiveness of Self-Compassion Training on the Loneliness and resilience destitute women. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry 2019; 5:71-84.[Persian].
23. Ghaffarian H. Khayatan F . The effect of compassion-based education on self-concept and self-expression of female high school students. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology 2019;19 : 36-26. [Persian].
24. Ferrari M. Hunt C. Harrysunker A. Abbott MJ. Beath A P. Einstein DA. Self-compassion interventions and psychosocial outcomes: A meta-analysis of RCTs. Mindfulness2019; 10: 1455-1473.
25. Zarei, F.The effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy in the treatment of depression and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Master Thesis in Clinical Psychology, University of Kurdistan 2014. [Persian].
26. Ahmadpour Dizaji J. Zahrakar K. Kiamanesh A. Comparison of the effectiveness of compassionate treatment and welfare treatment on the psychological capital of female students with emotional failure. Scientific Journal of Women and Culture2017; 9 : 7.[Persian].
27. Shiralinia K. Chaldavi. R. Aman Elahi. A.The effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on depression and anxiety in divorced women', Clinical Psychology 2016; 10 : 9-20. doi: 10.22075 / jcp.2018.13055.1272 . [Persian].
28. Ahmadi R, Sajjadian I, Jaffari F. The effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on anxiety, depression and suicidal thoughts in women with vitiligo. jdc 2019; 10:18-29. [Persian].
29. Salimi A, Arsalandeh F, Zahrakar K, Davarniya R, Shakarami M. The Effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy on Mental Health of Women with Multiple Sclerosis. Horizon Med Sci 2018; 24:125-131. [Persian].
30. Purewal R. & Fisher PL . The contribution of illness perceptions and metacognitive beliefs to anxiety and depression in adults with diabetes. Diabetes research and clinical practice 2018; 136: 16-22.
31. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed, United States of America, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.1988; 310-11.
32. Gilbert P. Introducing compassion-focused therapy. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 2009;15: 199-208.
33. Snyder CR. Sympson S. Ybasco F. Borders T. Babyak M. Higgins R. Development and validation of the state hope scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1996; 70: 321–335.
34. Scheier, M.F., & Carver, C.S. Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology1985; 4: 219–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.4.3.219, PMid:4029106
35. Parker S. Enhancing role-breath self efficacy: The roles of job enrichment and other organizational interventions. Journal of Applied Psychology 1998; 83: 835–852.http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.83.6.835.
36. Wagnild GM. Young HM. Development and psychometric evaluation of the resiliency scale. Journal of Nursing Management 1993; 1: 165–178.
37. Luthans F. Youssef CM. Avolio BJ. Psychological capital: Developing the human competitive edge. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press 2007.
38. Bahadori Khosroshahi J.Hashemi Nosratabad T. Babapour Khairuddin. The relationship between social capital and psychological well-being in students of Tabriz University', Bi-Quarterly Journal of Social Cognition 2015; 3 : 44-54. [Persian].
39. Beck AT. Ward CH. Mendelson M. Mock J . Erbaugh J . An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 1961; 4: 561–571.
40. Beck AT. Steer RA . Brown GK . BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition, Manual. San Antonia: The Psychological Corporation 1996.
41. Beck AT. Steer RA . Garbin MG . Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review1988; 8: 77–100.
42. Dozois DJ. Dobson KS . Ahnberg JL . A psychometric evaluation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Psychological Assessment1998; 10: 83–89.10.
43. Rajabi,G. Attari YA. Haghighi J. . 'Factor analysis of Beck questionnaire questions (BDI-21) on male students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz', Educational Sciences 2000; 8 : 49-66. doi: 10.22055 / edus.2002.16610. [Persian].
44. Ghadmpour E. Mansouri L. The effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on increasing the level of optimism and compassion for students with generalized anxiety disorder', Psychological Studies 2018; 14 : 59-74. doi: 10.22051 / psy.2017.13705.1329.
45. Gilbert P. The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 2014; 53: 6-41.
46. Diedrich A. Grant M. Hofmann S J . Hiller W/ Berking B.Self-compassion as an emotion strategy in major depressive disorder. Behavior Research and Therapy 2014; 58:43-51.
47. BeaumontE. Hollins Martin J . A narrative review exploring the effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy. Counselling Psychology Review 2015; 30: 21-32.
48. Lucre K.M. Corten N. An exploration of group compassion‐focused therapy for personality disorder. Psychology and Psychotherapy: theory, research and Practice2013; 86: 387-400.
49. Kolts R L. CFT made simple: A clinician's guide to practicing compassion-focused therapy. New Harbinger Publications 2016.
50. Gilbert P. Compassion focused therapy. The Beginner's Guide to Counselling & Psychotherapy2015; 127.
51. Craig C. Hiskey S. Spector A. Compassion focused therapy: a systematic review of its effectiveness and acceptability in clinical populations. Expert review of neurotherapeutics2020; 20: 385-400.
52. Ramesh S, Ghazian M, Rafiepoor A, Safari A R. The Mediator Role of Depression and Anxiety in the Relationship between Cognitive Emotional Regulation and Self-care in Type 2 Diabetes. psj 2018; 16:37-45. [Persian].
Published
2021-07-28
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How to Cite
The Effectiveness of Skill Training based on Compassion-Focused Therapy on Psychological Capital and Depression in Adolescent Girls with Type 1 Diabetes. (2021). International Journal of Health Studies, 7(4), 40-46. https://doi.org/10.22100/ijhs.v7i4.873
