The Effectiveness of Functional Analytical Therapy on Controlling, Expressing and Internalizing Anger in Patients with a Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors
-
Mandana Siroos
Department of Psychology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, sari, Iran
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0845-6339
-
Bahram Mirzaian
Department of Psychology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, sari, Iran
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1032-4389
-
Ramazan Hasanzadeh
Department of Psychology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, sari, Iran
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4746-9362
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22100/ijhs.v7i4.877Keywords:
Borderline personality disorder, Functional therapyAbstract
Introduction: Borderline personality disorder affects many cognitive, behavioral, and even emotional domains of individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of functional analytical therapy on controlling, expressing, and internalizing anger in patients with a borderline personality disorder.
Methods: The research method was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this study included all 43 women referred to Asal Psychological Clinic in Karaj city in 2020. Out of 33 patients with moderate borderline personality disorder, 24 were selected by simple random sampling method and were randomly assigned to two groups of 12 (experimental and control groups). The functional analytical psychotherapy package of Tsai, Kohlenberg, Kanter & Waltz (2010) was performed on the experimental group in 10 sessions of 45 minutes. For experimental and control groups in pre-test and post-test Anger Questionnaire of Spielberg (1988) was used. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance mixed with SPSS18 software.
Results: The results showed that functional analytical therapy has a significant effect on improving controlling, expressing, and internalizing anger in patients with borderline personality disorder (Pvalue≤0.001).
Conclusions: These results emphasize the level of performance of functional analytical psychotherapy in different areas of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional in the treatment of people with a borderline personality disorder.
Keywords: Functional therapy, Anger, Borderline personality disorder.
References
2. Chanen AM, Nicol K, Betts JK, Thompson KN. Diagnosis and treatment of borderline personality disorder in young people. Current psychiatry reports 2020; 22(5):1-8.
3. Videler AC, Hutsebaut J, Schulkens JE, Sobczak S, Van Alphen SP. A life span perspective on borderline personality disorder. Current psychiatry reports 2019; 21(7):1-8.
4. Cavelti M, Thompson K, Betts J, Fowler C, Luebbers S, Cotton SM, Chanen AM. Borderline Personality Disorder Diagnosis and Symptoms in Outpatient Youth as Risk Factors for Criminal Offenses and Interpersonal Violence. Journal of Personality Disorders 2021; 1-24.
5. Sharp C, Pane H, Ha C, Venta A, Patel AB, Sturek J, Fonagy P. Theory of mind and emotion regulation difficulties in adolescents with borderline traits. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2011; 50(6):563-73.
6. Stoffers-Winterling J, Storebø OJ, Lieb K. Pharmacotherapy for borderline personality disorder: an update of published, unpublished and ongoing studies. Current Psychiatry Reports 2020; 22:1-0.
7. Kolla NJ, Meyer JH, Bagby RM, Brijmohan A. Trait anger, physical aggression, and violent offending in antisocial and borderline personality disorders. Journal of forensic sciences. 2017;62(1):137-41.
8. Cackowski S, Krause-Utz A, Van Eijk J, Klohr K, Daffner S, Sobanski E, Ende G. Anger and aggression in borderline personality disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder–does stress matter?. Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation. 2017;4(1):1-3.
9. Bertsch K, Krauch M, Roelofs K, Cackowski S, Herpertz SC, Volman I. Out of control? Acting out anger is associated with deficient prefrontal emotional action control in male patients with borderline personality disorder. Neuropharmacology. 2019,15;156:107463.
10. Bellemans T, Didden R, Korzilius HP, van Busschbach JT. Psychometric properties of the ABSI-id, an adapted measure for anger-related interoceptive awareness in individuals with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability. 2020, 19:1-0.
11. Almeida CM, Horta MP. Self-esteem and anger in borderline patients with self-injury behavior. The Journal of nervous and mental disease. 2018, 1;206(4):251-7.
12. Krauch M, Ueltzhöffer K, Brunner R, Kaess M, Hensel S, Herpertz SC, Bertsch K. Heightened Salience of Anger and Aggression in Female Adolescents With Borderline Personality Disorder—A Script-Based fMRI Study. Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience. 2018, 26;12:57.
13. Chapman AL. Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation. Development and Psychopathology. 2019;31(3):1143-56.
14. Southward MW, Cheavens JS. Quality or quantity? A multistudy analysis of emotion regulation skills deficits associated with borderline personality disorder. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment. 2020; 11(1):24.
15. Krause-Utz A, Erol E, Brousianou AV, Cackowski S, Paret C, Ende G, Elzinga B. Self-reported impulsivity in women with borderline personality disorder: the role of childhood maltreatment severity and emotion regulation difficulties. Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation. 2019;6(1):1-4.
16. Reyes‐Ortega MA, Miranda EM, Fresán A, Vargas AN, Barragán SC, Robles García R, Arango I. Clinical efficacy of a combined acceptance and commitment therapy, dialectical behavioural therapy, and functional analytic psychotherapy intervention in patients with borderline personality disorder. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. 2020;93(3):474-89.
17. Brem MJ, Coop Gordon K, Stuart GL. Integrating Acceptance and Commitment Therapy With Functional Analytic Psychotherapy: A Case Study of an Adult Male With Mixed Depression and Anxiety. Clinical Case Studies. 2020;19(1):34-50.
18. Kanter JW, Kuczynski AM, Tsai M, Kohlenberg RJ. A brief contextual behavioral intervention to improve relationships: A randomized trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. 2018,1;10:75-84.
19. Tsai M, Yoo D, Hardebeck EJ, Loudon MP, Kohlenberg RJ. Creating safe, evocative, attuned, and mutually vulnerable therapeutic beginnings: Strategies from functional analytic psychotherapy. Psychotherapy. 2019;56(1):55.
20. Saghafi T, Shafiabadi A, Sudani M. The effect of group training. Based on Transactional analysis on reducing anger and neurotically girl students of high school First grade in Rasht. JCR. 2014; 13 (49) :23-41. [Persian]
21. Nourizadeh Golnkesh M, Mehrabizadeh Honarmand M, Zargar Y. The Effectiveness of Performance Analysis-Based Psychotherapy on Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Students with Permanent Difference, Third National Conference on Educational Sciences and Technology, Social Studies and Psychology, Iran, Tehran. 2018. [Persian]
22. Ortega MA, Salinas AN, Kanter JW. A Pilot Study on Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Group Treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder.2018.
23. Kanter JW, Manbeck KE, Kuczynski AM, Maitland DW, Villas-Bôas A, Ortega MA. A comprehensive review of research on functional analytic psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology Review 2017; 58:141-56.
24. Iliakis EA, Sonley AK, Ilagan GS, Choi-Kain LW. Treatment of borderline personality disorder: is supply adequate to meet public health needs?. Psychiatric Services. 2019, 1;70(9):772-81.
25. Tsai M, Kohlenberg RJ, Kanter JW, Waltz J. Therapeutic technique: The five rules. InA Guide to Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Springer, Boston, MA. 2009, 1-42.
26. Spielberg CD. Professional manual for the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). Tampa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources. 1988.
27. Khodayari-Fard M, Lavasani M, Akbari_Zardkhane S, Liaghat S. Psychomertic Properties Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 Among of Iranian Students. jrehab. 2010; 11 (1) :47-56. [Persian]
28. Rawlings D, Claridge G, Freeman JL. Principal components analysis of the Schizotypal Personality Scale(STA) and the Borderline Personality Scale(STB). Personality and Individual Differences 2001; 31: 409-419.
29. Mohammadzadeh A, Taghavi R, Mollazadeh J. The study of factor structure, validity, reliability and standardization of borderline personality scale (STB) in Shiraz University students. Journal of fundamentals of mental health. 2005, 22;7(28):75-89. [Persian]
Published
Issue
Section
License
The Copyright Form should be downloaded and signed by corresponding author in the fourth step "upload supplementary files" during submission process.
After acceptance, copyright form should be downloaded and signed by all authors one by one ( "summery --> supp. file" part and click on "add a supplementary file" link).
