Determining a National Trauma Prognostic Scale (TPS) to Predict Preventable Trauma Death in Iran: the Research Protocol
Authors
-
Hadi Jalilvand
Msc of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7705-6377
-
Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani
Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0396-8709
-
Hassan Nouri Sari
Emergency Medicine Management Research Center, Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8371-0686
-
Mohammad Meshkin
Medical Emergency, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6547-140X
-
Pir-Hossein Kolivand
Tehran Emergency Medical Service Center, Tehran, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2516-2367
-
Alireza Ala
Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8231-2937
-
Faramarz Pourasghar
Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management and Medical informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6686-1098
-
Seyyed Hossein Ojaghi Haghighi 2
2. Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3156-1009
-
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi 2
2. Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3284-9749
-
Farzad Rahmani
Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5582-9156
-
Peyman Salamati
Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9313-3977
-
Reza Deljavan Anvari
Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6980-7433
-
Rouzbeh Rajaei Ghafouri
Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3760-572X
-
Yasin Sadeghi
Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2175-1316
-
Mojtaba Abdi
Bsc of Nursing, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nursing, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3600-9974
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22100/ijhs.v8i1.882Keywords:
Trauma, Modeling, Injury severity assessment, Mortality predictor, Trauma scaleAbstract
Methods: A 7-phases methodology will be applied to conduct this study as following; 1- Identification of trauma severity parameters and scales predicting mortality from literature, 2- Developing a data collection tool for research data collection), 3- Data collection in selected clinical settings, 4- Statistical modeling, 5- Model adaptation with three levels of trauma care settings including pre-hospitals, general hospitals and trauma specialty hospitals, 6- Scale-up and extrapolation, and 7- comparison with international models and selection of Iranian national model.
Results: The content validity of the tool was confirmed with a total scale-level content validity (S-CVI) = 0.93. The reliability of the final instrument was calculated using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the Spearman correlation was evaluated above 0.7 for all cases. Up to date April 2020, From the hospital of the study, 210 patients participated in the study. The mean and standard age deviation of patients was 35.18 ± 18.44 and 165 (78.57 %) of these patients were male. The most important cause of trauma in patients was a motorcycle accident (27.62 %).
Keywords: Trauma, Modeling, Injury severity assessment, Mortality predictor, Trauma scale
References
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51. Alvarez BD, RAZENTE D, LACERDA DA, Lother NS, VON-BAHTEN LC, STAHLSCHMIDT C, et al. Analysis of the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) in 200 victims of different trauma mechanisms. RCBC. 2016;43(5):334-40.
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2. Cabalag MS, Wasiak J, Andrew NE, Tang J, Kirby JC, Morgan DJ. Epidemiology and management of maxillofacial fractures in an Australian trauma centre. JPRAS. 2014;67(2):183-9.
3. Brunicardi FC, Schwartz SI. Schwartzs Principles of surgery: McGraw-hill; 2005.
4. Hoyt D, Coimbra R. Potenza B. Management of Acute trauma. Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox K, editors Elsevier sanwders. 2004:483-500.
5. Jalalvandi F, Arasteh P, Faramani RS, Esmaeilivand M. Epidemiology of pediatric trauma and its patterns in Western Iran: a hospital based experience. GJHS. 2016;8(6):139.
6. Wui LW, Shaun GE, Ramalingam G, Wai KMS. Epidemiology of trauma in an acute care hospital in Singapore. JETS. 2014;7(3):174.
7. Abdelrahman H, El-Menyar A, Al-Thani H, Consunji R, Zarour A, Peralta R, et al. Time-based trauma-related mortality patterns in a newly created trauma system. WJS. 2014;38(11):2804-12.
8. Byun CS, Park IH, Oh JH, Bae KS, Lee KH, Lee E. Epidemiology of trauma patients and analysis of 268 mortality cases: trends of a single center in Korea. YM journal. 2015;56(1):220-6.
9. Rhee P, Joseph B, Pandit V, Aziz H, Vercruysse G, Kulvatunyou N, et al. Increasing trauma deaths in the United States. AS. 2014;260(1):13-21.
10. Naghavi M, Shahraz S, Sepanlou SG, Dicker D, Naghavi P, Pourmalek F, et al. Health transition in Iran toward chronic diseases based on results of Global Burden of Disease 2010. AIM. 2014;17(5):0-.
11. Rowell SE, Barbosa RR, Diggs BS, Schreiber MA, Group TO. Specific abbreviated injury scale values are responsible for the underestimation of mortality in penetrating trauma patients by the injury severity score. TACS. 2011;71(2):S384-S8.
12. London JA, Mock CN, Quansah RE, Abantanga FA, Jurkovich GJ. Priorities for improving hospital-based trauma care in an African city. TACS. 2001;51(4):747-53.
13. Katsuura Y, Osborn JM, Cason GW. The epidemiology of thoracolumbar trauma: a meta-analysis. Orthopaedics. 2016;13(4):383-8.
14. Yadollahi M. A study of mortality risk factors among trauma referrals to trauma center, Shiraz, Iran, 2017. CJT. 2019;22(4):212-8.
15. Mastaneh Z, Mouseli L, Davari N, Shahi M, HAYAVI HM, Alipour J, et al. Assessment of hospitalization pattern of training hospitals in Bandar-abbas based on the International Classification of Diseases during 2002-2007. 2011.
16. Ahmadi Khosro. Investigating the outcome of traumatic patients hospitalized at Imam Hossein Hospital Shahrud using the TRISS methodology. IJE. 2008;4(2). (Persian).
17. Movagha R S-bH KM aea. TRAUMA Explanation, Management and Research. Tabrize. Sciences TUoM, editor. Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 2016. 2016 (Persian).
18. Rahmani F, Bakhtavar HE, Vahdati SS, Hosseini M, Esfanjani RM. Evaluation of MGAP and GAP trauma scores to predict prognosis of multiple-trauma patients. TM. 2016;22(3):e33249-e.
19. Azami-Aghdash S, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Shabaninejad H, Gorji HA. Injury epidemiology in Iran: a systematic review. IVR. 2017;9(1):27.
20. de Munter L, Polinder S, Lansink KW, Cnossen MC, Steyerberg EW, de Jongh MA. Mortality prediction models in the general trauma population: A systematic review. Injury. 2017;48(2):221-9.
21. Fenner HA, Flamboe EE, Nelson WD, Hames LN. Field application and research development of the abbreviated injury scale. SAE Technical Paper; 1971. Report No.: 0148-7191.
22. Lesko MM, Woodford M, White L, O'Brien SJ, Childs C, Lecky FE. Using Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) codes to classify computed tomography (CT) features in the Marshall System. BMC. 2010;10(1):72.
23. Tohira H, Jacobs I, Mountain D, Gibson N, Yeo A. Systematic review of predictive performance of injury severity scoring tools. SJTREM. 2012;20(1):63.
24. Team Australia E. Response Spring 2013. A Journal of Paramedics Australasia (formerly ACAP) Volume. 1974;40(3).
25. Reith FC, Van den Brande R, Synnot A, Gruen R, Maas AI. The reliability of the Glasgow Coma Scale: a systematic review. ICM. 2016;42(1):3-15.
26. Singh B, Murad MH, Prokop LJ, Erwin PJ, Wang Z, Mommer SK, et al. Meta-analysis of Glasgow coma scale and simplified motor score in predicting traumatic brain injury outcomes. BI. 2013;27(3):293-300.
27. Baker SP, o'Neill B, Haddon Jr W, Long WB. The injury severity score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care. TACS. 1974;14(3):187-96.
28. Paffrath T, Lefering R, Flohé S, DGU T. How to define severely injured patients?—an Injury Severity Score (ISS) based approach alone is not sufficient. IJ. 2014;45:S64-S9.
29. Gormican SP. CRAMS scale: field triage of trauma victims. AEM. 1982;11(3):132-5.
30. Jiang X, Jiang P, Mao Y. Performance of Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) and Circulation, Respiration, Abdomen, Motor, and Speech (CRAMS) score in trauma severity and in-hospital mortality prediction in multiple trauma patients: a comparison study. PeerJ. 2019;7:e7227.
31. Rehn M, Perel P, Blackhall K, Lossius HM. Prognostic models for the early care of trauma patients: a systematic review. SJTREM. 2011;19(1):17.
32. Knaus WA, Wagner DP, Draper EA. Relationship between acute physiologic derangement and risk of death. CD. 1985;38(4):295-300.
33. Chang R, Jacobs S, Lee B. Use of APACHE II severity of disease classification to identify intensive-care-unit patients who would not benefit from total parenteral nutrition. The Lancet. 1986;327(8496):1483-7.
34. Chen X, Yang W, Sun S, Wang G. Application of ISS and CRAMS score for the assessment of the prognosis of patients with multiple trauma. CJEM. 2017;26(6):664-8.
35. Wong DT, Barrow PM, Gomez M, McGuire GP. A comparison of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score and the Trauma-Injury Severity Score (TRISS) for outcome assessment in intensive care unit trauma patients. CCM. 1996;24(10):1642-8.
36. Koehler JJ, Baer LJ, Malafa SA, Meindertsma M, Navitskas NR, Huizenga JE. Prehospital Index: a scoring system for field triage of trauma victims. AEM. 1986;15(2):178-82.
37. Fattah S, Rehn M, Reierth E, Wisborg T. Templates for reporting pre-hospital major incident medical management: systematic literature review. BMJ open. 2012;2(3).
38. Dantas RAN, Dantas DV, de Góes Salvetti M, Costa IKF, de Vasconcelos Torres G, Ribeiro KRB, et al. Quality of Care Indicators of a Pre-Hospital Mobile Emergency. IAM. 2016;9.
39. Boyd CR, Tolson MA, Copes WS. Evaluating trauma care: the TRISS method. Journal of TACS. 1987;27(4):370-8.
40. de Alencar Domingues C, de Souza Nogueira L, Settervall CHC, de Sousa RMC. Performance of Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) adjustments: an integrative review. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP. 2015;49:135-43.
41. Schluter PJ, Cameron CM, Davey TM, Civil I, Orchard J, Dansey R, et al. Using Trauma Injury Severity Score (TRISS) variables to predict length of hospital stay following trauma in New Zealand. NZMA. 2009;122(1302).
42. de Alencar Domingues C, Coimbra R, Poggetti RS, de Souza Nogueira L, de Sousa RMC. New Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) adjustments for survival prediction. WJES. 2018;13(1):12.
43. Tepas III JJ MD, Talbert JL, Bryant M. The pediatric trauma score as a predictor of injury severity in the injured child. PS. 1987;22(1):8-14.
44. Adegoke S, Oginni L. Predictors of paediatric injury mortality. SAJCH. 2011;5(1):15-8.
45. Voskens FJ, van Rein EA, van der Sluijs R, Houwert RM, Lichtveld RA, Verleisdonk EJ, et al. Accuracy of prehospital triage in selecting severely injured trauma patients. JAMA surgery. 2018;153(4):322-7.
46. St-Louis E, Séguin J, Roizblatt D, Deckelbaum DL, Baird R, Razek T. Systematic review and need assessment of pediatric trauma outcome benchmarking tools for low-resource settings. PSI. 2017;33(3):299-309.
47. Beaver BL, Colombani PM, Buck JR, Dudgeon DL, Bohrer SL, Haller Jr JA. Efficacy of emergency room thoracotomy in pediatric trauma. PS. 1987;22(1):19-23.
48. Kuo SC, Kuo P-J, Chen Y-C, Chien P-C, Hsieh H-Y, Hsieh C-H. Comparison of the new Exponential Injury Severity Score with the Injury Severity Score and the New Injury Severity Score in trauma patients: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2017;12(11):e0187871.
49. Champion HR, Sacco WJ, Copes WS, Gann DS, Gennarelli TA, Flanagan ME. A revision of the Trauma Score. TACS. 1989;29(5):623-9.
50. Eichelberger MR, Gotschall CS, Sacco WJ, Bowman LM, Mangubat EA, Lowenstein AD. A comparison of the trauma score, the revised trauma score, and the pediatric trauma score. Annals of emergency medicine. 1989;18(10):1053-8.
51. Alvarez BD, RAZENTE D, LACERDA DA, Lother NS, VON-BAHTEN LC, STAHLSCHMIDT C, et al. Analysis of the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) in 200 victims of different trauma mechanisms. RCBC. 2016;43(5):334-40.
52. Galvagno Jr SM, Massey M, Bouzat P, Vesselinov R, Levy MJ, Millin MG, et al. Correlation between the revised trauma score and injury severity score: implications for prehospital trauma triage. PHEC. 2019;23(2):263-70.
53. Kondo Y, Abe T, Kohshi K, Tokuda Y, Cook EF, Kukita I. Revised trauma scoring system to predict in-hospital mortality in the emergency department: Glasgow Coma Scale, Age, and Systolic Blood Pressure score. Critical care. 2011;15(4).
54. Dunea G. Letter from Chicago: Slippery slopes. BMJ: British Medical Journal. 1990;301(6760):1094.
55. Hannan EL, Mendeloff J, Farrell LS, Cayten CG, Murphy JG. Validation of TRISS and ASCOT using a non-MTOS trauma registry. TACS. 1995;38(1):83-8.
56. Lam S, Lingsma H, Van Beeck EF, Leenen L. Validation of a base deficit-based trauma prediction model and comparison with TRISS and ASCOT. EJTES. 2016;42(5):627-33.
57. Samanamalee S, Sigera PC, De Silva AP, Thilakasiri K, Rashan A, Wadanambi S, et al. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes in an LMIC tertiary care centre and performance of trauma scores. BMC anesthesiology. 2018;18(1):4.
58. Osler T, Baker SP, Long W. A modification of the injury severity score that both improves accuracy and simplifies scoring. JTACS. 1997;43(6):922-6.
59. POPIVANOV GI VM EI, DIMOV PT, PARASHKEVOV AB, Ivan LT, and et al. Battlefield Gunshot Wounds with Focus on Abdominal Trauma A Comparative Analysis of 56 Cases. NATIONAL BOARDS. 1997;89(3):308-14.
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2021-09-01
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How to Cite
Determining a National Trauma Prognostic Scale (TPS) to Predict Preventable Trauma Death in Iran: the Research Protocol. (2021). International Journal of Health Studies, 8(1), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.22100/ijhs.v8i1.882
