Analysis of the Effect of Inhaling Orange Essential Oil on Self-Confidence and Competitive Anxiety of Female Athletics Comparing with Relaxation
Authors
-
Safiye Ebrahimi
Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1303-5427
-
Mohammad Taghi Agdasi
Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8921-1856
-
Mansoureh Mokaberian
Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahroud, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1236-2327
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22100/ijhs.v8i3.921Keywords:
Cognitive anxiety, Physical anxiety, Aromatherapy, Relaxation, Self-confidenceAbstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of inhaling orange essential oil on self-confidence and anxiety, and comparing with relaxation method in female futsal players.
Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental one with pre and post-tests. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female futsal teams in regional competitions, the youth category of the East-Azerbaijan province. Using available sampling, 3 teams that can reach that level were selected. Then, were randomly divided into 3 groups of relaxation, Orange Essential Oil, and control. The intervention programs were held in 8 weeks (two sessions per week, and each session was 15 minutes). To assess, the Competitive State Anxiety questionnaire (CSAI-2) was used, and covariance method in SPSS software25 was used for analyzing the data.
Results: Results showed that there are significant differences between experimental and control groups concerning cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety. According to the findings, this amount was more significant in the aromatherapy group. Also, results revealed a significant increase in confidence in aromatherapy and relaxation groups, so that no superiority was seen among the groups. This was while no significant difference was reported in any scale of the control group.
Conclusions: Based on the results, the use of aromatherapy as a simpler and more effective method is recommended to coaches and officials of sports teams.
Key words: Cognitive anxiety, Physical anxiety, Aromatherapy, Relaxation, Self-confidence
References
References
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3. Khabiri M, MOGHADAM ZA, MEHRSAFAR AH, ABRISHAMKAR H. Comparison of the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation with imagery-based relaxation on cortisol levels, competitive anxiety and self-confidence in elite athletes. Journal of research in psychological Health 2017; 11(1): 62-73.
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5. Arastoo A. A, Zahednajad S, Parsaei S, Alboghebish S. The effect of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on anxiety in Veteran and Disabled Athletes. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences 2020; 63(3): 2278-2286.
6. Fortes LS, da Costa BD, Paes PP, do Nascimento Júnior JR, Fiorese L, Ferreira ME. Influence of competitive-anxiety on heart rate variability in swimmers. Journal of sports science & medicine 2017;16(4):498.
7. Fahim T, Saharan AK. The Relationship between Competition Anxiety with Performance of Young Wrestlers. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 2020; 9(5): 355-359.
8. Hatami F, Tahmasbi F, Shayan S. The Effects of Instructional and Motivational Self-Talk on Anxiety, Self-Confidence and Performance of Badminton Long Serve. Sport Psychology Studies 2018;7(24):17-34.
9. Neil R, Wilson K, Mellalieu SD, Hanton S, Taylor J. Competitive anxiety intensity and interpretation: A two-study investigation into their relationship with performance. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 2012;10(2):96-111.
10. Golmohammadi B, Kashani VO, Khosravi A. The Effect of a Relaxation Program on Performance of Sub-Elite Football Players. Journal of Motor Learning and Movement. 2018;10(3):385-411.
11. Rahimi F, Ahmadi M, Rosta F, Alavimajd H, Valiani M. Investigating the effect of progressive muscle relaxation training on infants outcome in high risk pregnant women. scientific journal of ilam university of medical sciences 2018;25(6):10-20.
12. Ogba FN, Ede MO, Onyishi CN, Agu PU, Ikechukwu-Ilomuanya AB, Igbo JN, Egenti N, Manafa I, Amoke C, Nwosu NC, Omeke FC. Effectiveness of music therapy with relaxation technique on stress management as measured by perceived stress scale. Medicine 2019;98(15).
13. Fakari FR, Tabatabaeichehr M. Comparing the effect of geranium and orange essential oils on level of anxiety during delivery. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2015;25(123):212-5.
14. Alipour M, Ghahremani L, Amooee S, & Keshavarzi S. The effectiveness of relaxation techniques on depression, anxiety and stress in pregnant women: based on self-efficacy theory. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2017; 22(3).
15. Gerami G, Makvand Hoseini S, Sedaghat M, Moazedian A. Compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy with Relaxation therapy on Delivery process in Primipara. Journal of Applied Psychological Research 2017;7(4):203-17.
16. Mayhami K, Moradi O, Dadgar M, Ezatpour EE. Investigation of the educational effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral approach (CBT) coupled with relaxation on migraine pain. Shenakht journal of psychology & psychiatry 2019;6(2):27-37.
17. Asgariani Z, Barat S, Moudi S, Hamidia A, Bijani A. Comparing the efficacy of hypnosis and the muscle relaxation in the symptom-relief of premenstrual syndrome. Koomesh 2018; 20(3).
18. Abdi J, H, Hejazi S, Tahmasebi H, Abdi J. F. Effect of aromatherapy with orange essential oils on anxiety in patients experiencing coronary angiography: a randomized control trial. Journal of Urmia Nursing and Midwifery Faculty 2018;15(11): 806-814.
19. Minouei S, Eslami G, Minaei TD, Teymouri E. Investigation on the effects of purified orange oil on facultative aerobic and anaerobic found in skin lesions of the patients. Iranian Journal of Biology 2007; 20(3): 190.
20. Hasanshahi S, Parvizi M, Bahrini M, Pouladi S, Mirzaei K. Investigating the effect of the aroma inhalation of orange and lavender essential oils in comparison with placebo on the level of anxiety in clients in a dental clinic in Shiraz: a double-blind controlled randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medicinal Plants 2020;19(74):295-309.
21. Kanani M, Mazloum SR, Emami A, Mokhber N. The effect of aromatherapy with orange essential oils on anxiety in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Journal of Sabzevar university of medical sciences 2012; 19, 3(65): 249-257.
22. Parvizi MM, Nimrouzi M, Bagheri Lankarani K, Emami Alorizi SM, Hajimonfarednejad M. Health recommendations for the elderly in the viewpoint of traditional Persian medicine. Shiraz E-Medical Journal 2018;19(1).
23. Mahdizadeh A, Tafazoli M, Mazloum SR, Manteghi A, Asili J, Noras MR. Effect of orange scent on preventing of postpartum depression: a randomized clinical trial. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 2018;21(9):93-100.
24. Ozgoli G, Shahveh M, Esmaielli S, Nassiri N. Essential oil of Citrus sinensis for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome; a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Reproduction & Infertility 2011;12(2).
25. Yim VW, Ng AK, Tsang HW, Leung AY. A review on the effects of aromatherapy for patients with depressive symptoms. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2009;15(2):187-95.
26. Mottaghy MR, Abbasnezhad A, Erfanpoor S, Mohammadzade Moghaddam H, Arbaghaei MR, Rouhani Z. A Comparison of the Effect of Massage With Lavender Gel and Piroxicam Gel on Exercise-induced Muscle Soreness in Male Students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences. Quarterly of Horizon of Medical Sciences 2020;26(3).
27. Mehdifar F, Badami R, Meshkati Z. The effect of fragrances of lavender on the quality of sleep, mood, team cohesion and performance of women volleyball players. Journal of Medicinal Plants 2019;18(69).
28. Torabi M, Moharamzadeh S, Ebrahim K. Effect of Aromatic Essential Oil of Lavender on the Electrical Activity of Healthy Girls’ Heart during Exercise. The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2017;23(2):99-104.
29. Liu K, Chen Y, Wu D, Lin R, Wang Z, Pan L. Effects of progressive muscle relaxation on anxiety and sleep quality in patients with COVID-19. Complementary therapies in clinical practice 2020; 39:101132.
30. Hashemzadeh A, Mirtaghi GF, Chalabianloo G. The study of effectiveness of relaxation and distraction techniques training in anxiety reduction in cardiac patients. Arak Medical University Journal 2011;14(3):97-105.
31. Jafari H, Baghaei Lake M, Sedghisabet M, Kazemnejadleili E. Benson muscle relaxation effect on patients anxiety undertake diagnostic and treatment within electrophysiological interventions. Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery 2015;25(4):37-44.
32. Malik S, Bal BS, Singh A. Effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique, Autogenic Training and Pranayama Training Program on Competitive State Anxiety. International Journal of Physiology, Nutrition and Physical Education. 2019;4(1):352-54.
33. Esfahani N, Ghezel SH. The relationship between self-confidence and performance of amateur and professional woman footballers on their anxiety of competition. Women in development and politics 2012; 9(4): 135.
34. Mehrsafar AH, Khabiri M, Gharayagh ZH. The role of coping strategies in prediction of cognitive-somatic anxiety and self-confidence of elite wushu athletes. Sport Psychology Studies 2016;5(16): 99-116.
35. Hamzeh K, Navabi NS, Shafiabadi A. Comparison of schema therapy, applied relaxation and mental imagery effectiveness to reduce cognitive state anxiety of elite athletes. Educational Administration Research Quarterly 2017; 7(1): 13-32.
36. Liang D, Chen S, Zhang W, Xu K, Li Y, Li D, Chen H, Xiao J, Wan L, Liu C. Investigation of a Progressive Relaxation Training Intervention on Pre-Competitive Anxiety and Sports Performance among Collegiate Student Athletes. Frontiers in Psychology 2020;11:4023.
37. Rizal H, Hajar MS, Kuan G, Savadelavar M, Kueh YC. The effects of progressive muscular relaxation on novice archersste anxiety, heart rate and performance scores. International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences 2019;6(4):96-112.
38. Sakhare N, Sharma K, Syal A. Effect of progressive muscular relaxation technique and autogenic relaxation technique on pre competitive state anxiety and self-confidence in athletes. International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology 2018; 4(6): 403-410.
39. Singh A, Deol NS. An analysis of anxiety and worry management, concentration ability and relaxation ability among national level sprinters and long distance runners. International Journal of Physiology, Nutrition and Physical Education 2018; 3(1): 598-600.
40. van Dixhoorn J, White A. Relaxation therapy for rehabilitation and prevention in ischaemic heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 2005;12(3):193-202.
41. Mehrsafar AH, Khabiri M, Moghadam Zadeh A. Factorial validity and reliability of Persian version of competitive state anxiety inventory-2 (CSAI-2) in intensity, direction and frequency dimensions. Journal of Motor Learning and Movement 2016;8(2):253-79.
42. Babashahi M, Babashahi F, & Fayazi S. Comparing the effect of massage Aromatherapy and massage on anxiety level of the patients in the preoperative period: a clinical trial. Evidence Based Care 2012; 2(2): 19-28.
43. Holm L, Fitzmaurice L. Emergency department waiting room stress: can music or aromatherapy improve anxiety scores?. Pediatric emergency care 2008;24(12):836-8.
44. Jones G, Swain A, Cale A. Genier differences in precompetition temporal fattening ami antecedents of anxiety and self-confidence. Journal of Sport and Exercise psychology 1991;13(1):1-5.
45. Norouzi H. Mohammadi SH. The Comparison of Personality Feature, Physical Image and Amount of Anxiety among Athletes of Team and Individual Sports, Strategic Studies On Youth and Sports 2018; 35: 211.
1. Besharat M, Homanian D, Ghahramani M, Naghi Poor Givi B. Mediation effect of sport self-efficacy on the relationship between perfectionism and competitive anxiety. Journal of Motor Learning and Movement. 2011;3(2):5-27.
2. Mohebi M, Zarei S. The relationship between emotion regulation strategies and state and trait competitive anxiety in South Korean Ambassador's Cup taekwondo athletes. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry 2019;6(2):86-101.
3. Khabiri M, MOGHADAM ZA, MEHRSAFAR AH, ABRISHAMKAR H. Comparison of the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation with imagery-based relaxation on cortisol levels, competitive anxiety and self-confidence in elite athletes. Journal of research in psychological Health 2017; 11(1): 62-73.
4. Roodsarabi M, Abdoli B, Farsi A. The effect of relaxation and mindfulness on female adolescent sports anxiety. Journal of motor and behavioral sciences 2020;3(3):237-45.
5. Arastoo A. A, Zahednajad S, Parsaei S, Alboghebish S. The effect of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on anxiety in Veteran and Disabled Athletes. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences 2020; 63(3): 2278-2286.
6. Fortes LS, da Costa BD, Paes PP, do Nascimento Júnior JR, Fiorese L, Ferreira ME. Influence of competitive-anxiety on heart rate variability in swimmers. Journal of sports science & medicine 2017;16(4):498.
7. Fahim T, Saharan AK. The Relationship between Competition Anxiety with Performance of Young Wrestlers. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 2020; 9(5): 355-359.
8. Hatami F, Tahmasbi F, Shayan S. The Effects of Instructional and Motivational Self-Talk on Anxiety, Self-Confidence and Performance of Badminton Long Serve. Sport Psychology Studies 2018;7(24):17-34.
9. Neil R, Wilson K, Mellalieu SD, Hanton S, Taylor J. Competitive anxiety intensity and interpretation: A two-study investigation into their relationship with performance. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 2012;10(2):96-111.
10. Golmohammadi B, Kashani VO, Khosravi A. The Effect of a Relaxation Program on Performance of Sub-Elite Football Players. Journal of Motor Learning and Movement. 2018;10(3):385-411.
11. Rahimi F, Ahmadi M, Rosta F, Alavimajd H, Valiani M. Investigating the effect of progressive muscle relaxation training on infants outcome in high risk pregnant women. scientific journal of ilam university of medical sciences 2018;25(6):10-20.
12. Ogba FN, Ede MO, Onyishi CN, Agu PU, Ikechukwu-Ilomuanya AB, Igbo JN, Egenti N, Manafa I, Amoke C, Nwosu NC, Omeke FC. Effectiveness of music therapy with relaxation technique on stress management as measured by perceived stress scale. Medicine 2019;98(15).
13. Fakari FR, Tabatabaeichehr M. Comparing the effect of geranium and orange essential oils on level of anxiety during delivery. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2015;25(123):212-5.
14. Alipour M, Ghahremani L, Amooee S, & Keshavarzi S. The effectiveness of relaxation techniques on depression, anxiety and stress in pregnant women: based on self-efficacy theory. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2017; 22(3).
15. Gerami G, Makvand Hoseini S, Sedaghat M, Moazedian A. Compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy with Relaxation therapy on Delivery process in Primipara. Journal of Applied Psychological Research 2017;7(4):203-17.
16. Mayhami K, Moradi O, Dadgar M, Ezatpour EE. Investigation of the educational effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral approach (CBT) coupled with relaxation on migraine pain. Shenakht journal of psychology & psychiatry 2019;6(2):27-37.
17. Asgariani Z, Barat S, Moudi S, Hamidia A, Bijani A. Comparing the efficacy of hypnosis and the muscle relaxation in the symptom-relief of premenstrual syndrome. Koomesh 2018; 20(3).
18. Abdi J, H, Hejazi S, Tahmasebi H, Abdi J. F. Effect of aromatherapy with orange essential oils on anxiety in patients experiencing coronary angiography: a randomized control trial. Journal of Urmia Nursing and Midwifery Faculty 2018;15(11): 806-814.
19. Minouei S, Eslami G, Minaei TD, Teymouri E. Investigation on the effects of purified orange oil on facultative aerobic and anaerobic found in skin lesions of the patients. Iranian Journal of Biology 2007; 20(3): 190.
20. Hasanshahi S, Parvizi M, Bahrini M, Pouladi S, Mirzaei K. Investigating the effect of the aroma inhalation of orange and lavender essential oils in comparison with placebo on the level of anxiety in clients in a dental clinic in Shiraz: a double-blind controlled randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medicinal Plants 2020;19(74):295-309.
21. Kanani M, Mazloum SR, Emami A, Mokhber N. The effect of aromatherapy with orange essential oils on anxiety in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Journal of Sabzevar university of medical sciences 2012; 19, 3(65): 249-257.
22. Parvizi MM, Nimrouzi M, Bagheri Lankarani K, Emami Alorizi SM, Hajimonfarednejad M. Health recommendations for the elderly in the viewpoint of traditional Persian medicine. Shiraz E-Medical Journal 2018;19(1).
23. Mahdizadeh A, Tafazoli M, Mazloum SR, Manteghi A, Asili J, Noras MR. Effect of orange scent on preventing of postpartum depression: a randomized clinical trial. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 2018;21(9):93-100.
24. Ozgoli G, Shahveh M, Esmaielli S, Nassiri N. Essential oil of Citrus sinensis for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome; a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Reproduction & Infertility 2011;12(2).
25. Yim VW, Ng AK, Tsang HW, Leung AY. A review on the effects of aromatherapy for patients with depressive symptoms. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2009;15(2):187-95.
26. Mottaghy MR, Abbasnezhad A, Erfanpoor S, Mohammadzade Moghaddam H, Arbaghaei MR, Rouhani Z. A Comparison of the Effect of Massage With Lavender Gel and Piroxicam Gel on Exercise-induced Muscle Soreness in Male Students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences. Quarterly of Horizon of Medical Sciences 2020;26(3).
27. Mehdifar F, Badami R, Meshkati Z. The effect of fragrances of lavender on the quality of sleep, mood, team cohesion and performance of women volleyball players. Journal of Medicinal Plants 2019;18(69).
28. Torabi M, Moharamzadeh S, Ebrahim K. Effect of Aromatic Essential Oil of Lavender on the Electrical Activity of Healthy Girls’ Heart during Exercise. The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2017;23(2):99-104.
29. Liu K, Chen Y, Wu D, Lin R, Wang Z, Pan L. Effects of progressive muscle relaxation on anxiety and sleep quality in patients with COVID-19. Complementary therapies in clinical practice 2020; 39:101132.
30. Hashemzadeh A, Mirtaghi GF, Chalabianloo G. The study of effectiveness of relaxation and distraction techniques training in anxiety reduction in cardiac patients. Arak Medical University Journal 2011;14(3):97-105.
31. Jafari H, Baghaei Lake M, Sedghisabet M, Kazemnejadleili E. Benson muscle relaxation effect on patients anxiety undertake diagnostic and treatment within electrophysiological interventions. Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery 2015;25(4):37-44.
32. Malik S, Bal BS, Singh A. Effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique, Autogenic Training and Pranayama Training Program on Competitive State Anxiety. International Journal of Physiology, Nutrition and Physical Education. 2019;4(1):352-54.
33. Esfahani N, Ghezel SH. The relationship between self-confidence and performance of amateur and professional woman footballers on their anxiety of competition. Women in development and politics 2012; 9(4): 135.
34. Mehrsafar AH, Khabiri M, Gharayagh ZH. The role of coping strategies in prediction of cognitive-somatic anxiety and self-confidence of elite wushu athletes. Sport Psychology Studies 2016;5(16): 99-116.
35. Hamzeh K, Navabi NS, Shafiabadi A. Comparison of schema therapy, applied relaxation and mental imagery effectiveness to reduce cognitive state anxiety of elite athletes. Educational Administration Research Quarterly 2017; 7(1): 13-32.
36. Liang D, Chen S, Zhang W, Xu K, Li Y, Li D, Chen H, Xiao J, Wan L, Liu C. Investigation of a Progressive Relaxation Training Intervention on Pre-Competitive Anxiety and Sports Performance among Collegiate Student Athletes. Frontiers in Psychology 2020;11:4023.
37. Rizal H, Hajar MS, Kuan G, Savadelavar M, Kueh YC. The effects of progressive muscular relaxation on novice archersste anxiety, heart rate and performance scores. International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences 2019;6(4):96-112.
38. Sakhare N, Sharma K, Syal A. Effect of progressive muscular relaxation technique and autogenic relaxation technique on pre competitive state anxiety and self-confidence in athletes. International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology 2018; 4(6): 403-410.
39. Singh A, Deol NS. An analysis of anxiety and worry management, concentration ability and relaxation ability among national level sprinters and long distance runners. International Journal of Physiology, Nutrition and Physical Education 2018; 3(1): 598-600.
40. van Dixhoorn J, White A. Relaxation therapy for rehabilitation and prevention in ischaemic heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 2005;12(3):193-202.
41. Mehrsafar AH, Khabiri M, Moghadam Zadeh A. Factorial validity and reliability of Persian version of competitive state anxiety inventory-2 (CSAI-2) in intensity, direction and frequency dimensions. Journal of Motor Learning and Movement 2016;8(2):253-79.
42. Babashahi M, Babashahi F, & Fayazi S. Comparing the effect of massage Aromatherapy and massage on anxiety level of the patients in the preoperative period: a clinical trial. Evidence Based Care 2012; 2(2): 19-28.
43. Holm L, Fitzmaurice L. Emergency department waiting room stress: can music or aromatherapy improve anxiety scores?. Pediatric emergency care 2008;24(12):836-8.
44. Jones G, Swain A, Cale A. Genier differences in precompetition temporal fattening ami antecedents of anxiety and self-confidence. Journal of Sport and Exercise psychology 1991;13(1):1-5.
45. Norouzi H. Mohammadi SH. The Comparison of Personality Feature, Physical Image and Amount of Anxiety among Athletes of Team and Individual Sports, Strategic Studies On Youth and Sports 2018; 35: 211.
Published
2021-11-10
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How to Cite
Analysis of the Effect of Inhaling Orange Essential Oil on Self-Confidence and Competitive Anxiety of Female Athletics Comparing with Relaxation. (2021). International Journal of Health Studies, 8(3), 24-29. https://doi.org/10.22100/ijhs.v8i3.921
